The ten major differences between the Medieval/Renaissance University and matriculation into college, in fact, were: gender, availability, language, curriculum focus, study/work expectation, finances, instruction/tutorial, testing/exams, overall function in society, and post-graduation expectations. These are outlined in Table 1.
Issue
Medieval/Renaissance
Modern
Gender Roles
Males only, students and faculty
Male dominated until late 19th, early 20th century
Educational Availability
For only the very wealthy or those with a patron or scholarship
Post-World War II available to the masses
Languages
Most courses taught in Latin; classical languages emphasized for educated classes
With the exception of foreign languages; typically taught in the vernacular of the locale
Curriculum Focus
Religion or Law' Bachelor's took six years, and 12 additional for MA or PhD; students often started at 14, though, so were middle aged when graduated.
Study/Work Expectations
School was full time, students expected to live on stipend and spend time studying, attending lectures, reading, and discussing ideas. Classes began at dawn, 5-6am; lased at least 10 hours per day.
For many, past-High School education is a right of passage toward adulthood; rarely do American students not work and go to school; those that attend Oxford, etc. have different expectations. Coursework divided into quarters or semesters by hours assigned per course.
Finances
Based very individually -- but no public or formalized financial aid.
Post-World War II, GI Bill, student loans, grants, and other government and non-government subsidized and unsubsidized loans. Most recently, accounts set up during infancy to pay for college.
Instruction/Tutorials
Instruction based on classics; typically courses offered based on books, not on subject or theme and not elective. Once a book, say
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