Verified Document

Two Models Of International Higher Education Essay

¶ … International Education There are several models that identify different formats for international higher education, and the focus in this paper will be on just two of those models. When looking at international educational models, there is a dramatic difference between the Cross Border Model (CBM) and International Student Mobility (ISM). Those two models will be compared and contrasted in this paper.

International Student Mobility

According to the Philippine APEC Study Center Network (PASCN) among the oldest models of international education is the model of "International Student Mobility" -- the model in which a student moves to another country in order to attend a higher educational institution in that foreign country (Bernardo, 2002). The countries that draw the most students from abroad include: the U.S. (which receives around 30% of all foreign students); France; Germany, the UK; Russia; Japan; Australia; Canada; Belgium; Switzerland; Austria; and Italy (Bernardo, 7). Bernardo explains that 75% of all foreign students internationally travel to those ten countries, and that the motivation to travel abroad to study in recent years is driven by "market considerations" -- and economic possibilities.

In the year 2012, about 4 million students traveled abroad to attend higher educational institutions (UNESCO); that is an increase from about 2 million students in the year 2000. About one half of all mobile students traveled to five countries for advanced learning in 2012; those five countries: United States (18%); UK (11%); France (7%); Australia (6%); and Germany (5%) (UNESCO).

Just one country from sub-Sahara...

Some 3,776 students from Kenya attended higher educational institutions in the U.S. In 2012 (UNESCO). By contrast, 97,120 students from India traveled to the U.S. To attend universities in 2012, and 210,452 Chinese students arrived in the U.S. To study in 2012 (UNESCO). Clearly, India and China are not developing countries (as Kenya is), and they are large nations, so it comes as no surprise that China and India would have many thousands of their students abroad.
UNESCO statistics show that eight countries have more students studying abroad than at home: Turks and Calcos Islands; Seychelles; Montserrat; Luxembourg; Liechtenstein; Bermuda; Anguilla; and Andorra.

Meanwhile, a global survey was taken by 3,358 students that are intending to study abroad at a graduate level, and the online questionnaire reflected that following completion of a post-graduate degree: a) 24.1% wish to run their own business; b) 17% with to be a director in a corporation; c) 14% have a goal of being CEO in a corporation; d) 8.7% plan to become academically involved (teaching); e) 7.7% want to be a self-employed consultant; f) 5.8% want to partner with another person in professional services; g) 5.2% plan to be a middle manager or a senior manager; and h)…

Sources used in this document:
Works Cited

Altbach, P.G. (2012). Franchising -- The McDonaldization of Higher Education. International Higher Education, Number 66, 7-8. Boston College Center for International Education.

Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.bc.edu.

Bernardo, A.B. (2002). International Higher Education: Models, Conditions and Issues.

Philippine APEC Study Center Network / De La Salle University-Manila. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.pascn.pids.gov.
Education. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.bc.edu.
from http://www.topuniversities.com.
UNESCO. (2012). Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.uis.unesco.org.
Zhang, L., Kinser, K., and Shi, Y. (2014). World Economies and the Distribution of International Branch Campuses. Retrieved from the Boston College Center for International Higher Education. Retrieved April 24, 2015, from http://www.bc.edu.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Higher Education and Business Surprise,
Words: 908 Length: 3 Document Type: Thesis

American universities are working with their Caribbean counterparts to create a trans-border trade in ideas and information. This weekly column will explore issues related to business and higher education in Jamaica and in the United States. Each issue will address specific concerns related to everything from gender to ethics, management to ecommerce. The column will encourage an exploration of cultural differences in a desire to foster dialogue. Business ethics, corporate

Higher Education Institutional Crisis and Solutions
Words: 2593 Length: 9 Document Type: Term Paper

Introduction Higher education continues to be a significant aspect within an economy with professions necessitating individuals with such educational attainments. However, institutions of higher education have continued to experience several challenges, including deteriorating student enrollments, increasing student debt across the United States, and also concerning student completion rates for the different educational programs. The Higher Education sector in the United States is experiencing major challenges. California State University, Los Angeles, is

Higher Education Models Higher Education
Words: 1589 Length: 5 Document Type: Thesis

It is therefore a very new field, and could cause not only anxiety, but also a number of mistakes before the best way of integration is found. In order to improve this situation, I believe that both management and employees can work together. There are many professional companies that can assist management in ironing out projected difficulties. It companies can for example identify problems that the University may not be

Higher Education Globalization Singh, M.K.
Words: 335 Length: 1 Document Type: Research Proposal

Much like the argument of Carnoy (2005), Singh asserts the huge importance of education in a globalized structure. This article also resonates the disagreements of Carnoy (2005) and Kwiek (2001) -- i.e. The positive and negative effects of globalization in higher education with the author taking the side of Carnoy in the belief that higher education positively implicates a nation's economy. Unlike McPherson & Schapiro (2002), who argued against privatization

Higher Education Globalization Mcpherson, M.
Words: 314 Length: 1 Document Type: Research Proposal

This work mainly dealt with current and rather specific issues surfacing on higher education in light of globalization. It made no attempt to provide conceptual clarifications on globalization and instead went beyond by simply asserting the current need to expand education systems dictated by the intensified call for higher education. The work is heavily focused on specific issues such as privatization of universities as well as the implication of demographic

Higher Education Globalization Medina, A.
Words: 343 Length: 1 Document Type: Research Proposal

Medina's arguments very much echo the sentiments of Kwiek (2001). These two authors have argued against the economic forces in a globalized economy getting in the way of educational institutions. Such is the case because it is believed that market forces strip away the autonomy and nation-state ideals propagated in the university. This in turn results to the subordination of education to market forces. Consequently, subordination of education to the

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now