Tuberculosis
The Emergence and Re-emergence of Tuberculosis: Prevalence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the 21st Century
In the 2003 lung disease statistics, tuberculosis is considered the "foremost cause of death from a single infectious disease," wherein TB is prevalent among developing countries, causing 99% of deaths (ALA, 2004). Indeed, American Lung Association (2004) considers tuberculosis as the an "ancient scourge," gaining prevalence in the 19th century and resurging once again in the 21st century, despite medical technologies developed to curb the said airborne disease. Tuberculosis is an airborne disease that is characterized chronic or acute bacterial infection that attacks the lungs, and can also affect other parts and vital organs of the body, such as the bones, skin, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and the neck (affecting the lymph nodes) (Reichman, 2002:14). It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms of TB are coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, chills, and fatigue (Microsoft Encarta 2002).
The development and origins of TB dates back 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. It was earlier detected in Egypt, where mummified corpses where found to contain traces of tubercles, nodes that develop at the onset of TB. However, a comprehensive history of TB by Reichman (2002) traces the development of the disease from cows. Similar to the development of the SARS and avian flu (bird flu) viruses, the disease was theorized in the late 20th century to have originated from cows, and has been transmitted from animals to cows when farmers started living in close quarters and communities with the animals. The bacterium present among TB-carrying cows is the Mycobacterium bovis, which can be transmitted through the air (by breathing, sneezing, or coughing) to another living agent. Apart from being transmitted airborne, the bacterium was also transmitted through the cow's milk, thriving in the warm environment of the human body. As the bacteria learned to adapt and thrive inside the human body, specifically in the lungs, causing it to mutate and develop into another kind of bacterium -- the Mycobacterium...
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease caused by tubercule bacilli, spread from person to person (CDC 2011). It affects the lungs and other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys and the spine. It is curable but an infected person can also die of it if he does not get proper treatment (CDC) MDRTB Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis or MDRTB is TB that does not respond to the action of
Air traffic has continued to increase and it now constitutes a considerable proportion of the travelling public. The amount of long-hour flights has increased significantly. Based on the International Civil Aviation authority, air traffic can be anticipated to double amid till 2020. Airline travel, especially over longer distances, makes air travelers vulnerable to numerous facets that will impact their health and well-being. Particularly, the speed with which influenza spreads and
(16) The drug has better coverage against Gram-positive cocci and atypical pathogens, and it is able to achieve excellent penetration into respiratory fluids and tissues. One particular adverse effect of the drug is that it may result in gastrointestinal disturbances, and thereby affect the individual's metabolism. (17) e) How does metabolism influence clearance, bioactivity and elimination? At times, the metabolism does tend to affect the absorption and the clearance of
Unless the physicians can succinctly argue their case for care and services, the managed care entity will, for reasons of medical necessity, deny access to care and services. What Cost-Added Ratio Based on Illegal Immigrant Population? The argument by opponents that loopholes exist that would allow illegal immigrants to access Obama's proposed legislation on healthcare services is rendered moot in lieu of the fact that those illegal immigrants are currently receiving
Corporate Social Responsibility in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry An Exploratory Study Outlook of CSR in India History of CSR in India Philanthropy in Indian Society Modern Form of CSR in Indian Society Profile of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Rationale for Selection CSR Activities by Indian Pharmaceutical Companies Major Influences Over CSR Activities Scope of CSR Activities Comparison of Indian & Western Pharmaceutical Companies This research paper is concerned with the recent practices of Indian pharmaceutical companies in the field of corporate social responsibility. For
Migrant Health Problems Understanding the Migrant Health Problem Currently access to health and social services for the majority of migrants is based on their legal status. Needless to say undocumented migrants have little or no access to health care services. One's legal status is one of the prerequisite conditions for one to receive sufficient care. Additionally, accessibility, availability, acceptability and quality of such services depends on various factors such as financial,
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