Tuberculosis, commonly abbreviated as TB and known throughout historical literature as consumption, is an infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. (Psy Guy, 2005) Pulmonary TB is the most common type of infection, which affects the lungs. There are several other manifestations of the infection including an infection of the central nervous system, known as meningitis, an infection of the circulatory system, known as miliary TB, as well as infections of the lymphatic system, the genitourinary system, the bones, and the joints. World-wide, tuberculosis infects two billion people. With one-third of all people affected, tuberculosis is easily the most common major infectious disease today. Most of the infections are asymptomatic latent TB infections, which have a ten percent chance of progressing to an active TB disease. If tuberculosis progresses to this point, there is a fifty percent chance of death if no treatment is received. Two million people die from TB every year, most of these occurring in developing countries. Although many people mistakenly consider tuberculosis to be a disease of the past, it is a serious problem today. "The neglect of TB control programs, HIV / AIDS, and immigration has caused a resurgence of tuberculosis. Multiple drug resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) are emerging. The World Health Organization declared TB a global health emergency in 1993." (Psy Guy, 2005)
The transmission of tuberculosis occurs through the air, because droplets are released when an actively infected person coughs, sneeze, or spit. Untreated tuberculosis patients may infect as many as twenty people per year, and people with close contact with a patient are at the highest risk of becoming infected. Other factors make a person highly susceptible to TB infection, including having a compromised immune system (such as having HIV / AIDS), having poor health care, being a part of high-risk racial and ethnic minorities, low-income populations, and using illicit intravenous drugs. (Psy Guy, 2005) Minorities are at a significantly higher risk of infection; in 1999, fifty-four percent of TB infections were found in the African-American and Hispanic populations, with another twenty percent of the infections found among Asians. (NIAID, 2002)
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Tuberculosis Communicable disease: Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a widespread, lethal, and infectious/transmittable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterial infection usually begins in the form of innumerable strains of mycobacteria. In the past, tuberculosis was also termed as Phthisis or Phthisis pulmonalis. Its short form is known worldwide to be TB, or MTB. Stereotypically, tuberculosis is a lung infection that attacks the lungs; however, it can as well affect the other parts of
Tuberculosis in Newham Borough of London The Urban Health Profile It is true that as long as there have been human beings on planet earth there has been a certain amount of struggle against disease and creatures that carry disease along with bacteria and viruses. These are the types of struggles and successes which have determined whether or not civilizations would triumph or be defeated, and these are the struggles which will
Others are more reckless and assume that they simply will not get sick. No matter who they are or where they come from, though, anyone can contract TB if they get around someone who is infected, so people must put social, cultural, and other opinions aside in order to protect themselves and others around them from potentially deadly diseases like TB (Lawlor, 2007). Conclusion It is very easy to see that
5 per 100,000 in 1986. In 1994, the number of TB cases among residents of correctional facilities for 59 reporting areas had reached 24,361 (4.6% of the total reporting correctional population) (Braithwaite et al.). The incidence rate was 139.3 per 100,000 by 1993 and the unadjusted case rates for prison populations in many areas are significantly higher than the rates for the general population (Braithwaite et al.). According to these
From the lung apices to the hemi-diaphragms, 1.5-mm thick sections were taken at 10-mm intervals. The images were prospectively reconstructed with the use of a high-resolution bone algorithm in diagnosing the lung lesions. The HRCT results were then compared with the results of clinical and para-clinical work-up on the patients. The analysis and comparison of rank values were performed using the chi-square P-values less than 0.05, and the sensitivity,
Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease primarily affecting the respiratory system. Symptoms include coughing, phlegm, fever, and weight loss. The disease can be fatal if left untreated, and is treatable with medications including antibiotics. Tuberculosis is more common in developing countries, but can affect anyone with a lowered immune system. Preventing the spread of tuberculosis involves public health campaigns to raise awareness. The bacterium that causes tuberculosis is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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