Q1. Discuss the physicians changing perceptions of the nature of cholera, its treatment, and therapy in 1832, 1849, and 1866. How did these factors change? Why?
Today, the general public and physicians alike are well aware of the need for proper sanitation in the public water system. But during the 19th century, knowledge about the spread of germs and disease was less widespread, and cholera, although widely accepted as a serious threat to public health, was still controversial in its ascribed origin. The hero of cholera research is John Snow, who, through the use of city mapping was able to trace an 1854 London epidemic to a single water pump and even was able to identify the microbe that had caused it, using an ordinary microscope. Such particles were not found in other pumps far away from the disease outbreak. Before Snow, such as during the 1832 epidemic, many physicians ascribed the spread of cholera to bad air, or miasma, rather than the water supply (Buczek). In the United States, entire small Midwestern towns were voluntarily emptied, because of a fear of bad air in 1832 (Daly). Ministers proclaimed it a judgement by God (Daly). After Snowe’s work began to cross the Atlantic, however, during the 1849 outbreak, new sanitation measures were undertaken to limit the spread (Daly).
Still, during the 1849 epidemic, although more scientific measures of containment were undertaken, the fact that how the disease spread was uncertain enough to result in the bodies of those affected to be treated like primary vectors of disease, versus the water supply itself (Daly). In contrast, the 1867 epidemic was less severe; the Kansas Historical Quarterly reports that its victims were largely confined to that of the military. Physicians’ practices reflected the most contemporary knowledge of how to contain the spread and Snow’s now-accepted research, including disinfection of all surfaces that came into contact with sufferers and the burning of bedding and clothing (Power and Younger 389).
Works Cited
Buczek, Monika. “Wells and Wellness Part I: The History of Cholera.” American Society for Microbiology. Web. 22 Oct 2018.
https://www.asm.org/index.php/general-science-blog/item/7122-wells-and-wellness-part- i-the-history-of-cholera
Daly, Walter J. “The Black Cholera Comes to the Central Valley of America in the 19th Century- 1832, 1849, and
Later.” Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 119 (2008): 143–153. Web. 22 Oct 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2394684/
Power, Ramon and Younger, Gene. “Cholera on the Plains: The Epidemic of 1867…
S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are part of the reason as to why the disease prevention efforts in Haiti are very successful. Despite this level of success, the Haitian disease prevention efforts are faced with several challenges. The challenges include shortage of human resource, widespread poverty as well as very limited infrastructure. The Haitians successful disease treatment and prevention programs such as the Partners in Health model (community-based
Lyme Disease The author of this report has been asked to offer a brief report about Lyme disease and some of the facts and issues surrounding the disease. First off, the author will research and discuss what has happened to the prospects of a Lyme disease vaccine. Second, the author will discuss why laboratory testing for Lyme disease is not yet definitive. Finally, the author will discuss what is generally done
Diseases and Pathogens Pathogens Pathogens are disease-causing or infectious microorganisms (EPA 2011, Kennedy 2012). Some of them are often found in water from sewage discharges, leaking septic tanks, or runoff from feedlots. They enter the body and cause disease every day through the air we breathe, food, water or direct personal contact. The body's immune system is able to destroy many pathogens. When it cannot, infection occurs and the person gets sick.
healthy individual is infected with a bacteria or virus, the body identifies the virus as an invader, and therefore produces the antibodies, which is the human body's immune system, to destroy the virus to assist the person to recover and become healthy. Meanwhile, vaccination is the process of stimulating the active immune system to fight disease in the body, and vaccine will boost the body active immunity to fight
Elliot's book Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion after Columbia brings in social psychology in its treatment of the contemporary school system. Arguing that we would never allow any workplace environment to become as rotten and insidious as the school environment has become, Aronson brings in social psychology to show the effect that the environment can have on any mile. He also leads us through possible interventions that we can
History Of Sanitation In our present lives, in hi-technology living spaces or homes, most of us spend our days indoors. Commonly, a home physically means an indoor place, inside space, a room, an apartment, a mobile home such as trailer or van or a structure that has a roof and walls strong enough to protect human beings from unpredictable danger such as intruders or natural disasters. The idea of constructing a
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now