¶ … Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Techniques
For Treating Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic use disorder
Sedative-Hypnotic are a Class of Medications that Includes Barbiturates.
Sedative hypnotic refers to the medication such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates and nonbenzodiazepine. All these are medications used to treat insomnia. They are referred to as Z drugs because the members consist of zaleplon, the eszopiclone and zolpiden all of which contain letter Z. Benzodiazepines are the most prescribed drugs across the globe. They are used to treat anxiety, disorder, insomnia and panic disorders. The drugs are used to treat disorders even though they are hazardous, and expose the user to other conditions such as physical dependence misuse, overdose as well as abuse (Levounis, Herron & American Psychiatric Association, 2014). When the individuals become dependent, they suffer from anxiolytic, hypnotic or sedative; a condition where one becomes dependent on the substances that cause a calming effect. They may also suffer from (hypnotics) sleep inducing effect and anxiolytics anti-anxiety effect. The three: sedative, anxiolytic or hypnotic essentially use disorder DSM-S category, which refers to addiction to any of the medication found in this category.
The medication includes barbiturate, benzodiazepine receptor agonists that include Zaplon. The DSM- 5 Manual identifies eleven symptoms, which suggest hypnotic, sedative or anxiolytic use disorders. It specifies that the individuals should have two symptoms in a period of 12 months. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are the key signs of hypnotic, sedative or anxiolytic disorders. However, this may not be the case in situations where one is taking the medicine as prescribed or when he is under the supervision of a physician. One can also use them as modifiers in both early and sustained remission or in controlled environment as suggested by the physician. However, experts advise that there should be some level of comorbidity between the use of tobacco products, alcohol and illicit drugs. Reference can be found to it in the 5th edition of the diagnostic and mental disorder manual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This, sometimes, makes the differential diagnosis of the condition difficult. Substance withdrawal including rebound anxiety may be diagnosed according to the DSM-5 (Doweiko, 2014).
Analysing Symptoms
A person who is intoxicated to hypnotic sedative and anxiolytic may appear drunk like a person who has taken alcohol even though such individual may not have ingested alcohol. The symptoms present may not be attributed to any other medical condition such as hypoglycaemia. Unfortunately, the DMA-5 manual did not differentiate between the discontinuance syndromes which are always present when one is discontinued from using the medications. The drug abusers may not experience the withdrawal syndrome when they stop using the medications and the intensity of the withdrawal symptoms may make it necessary to monitor or supervise the withdrawal. In some cases, the intensity of the withdrawal symptoms may be life- threatening making the medical supervision of this process necessary. Anyone who is diagnosed of the hypnotic, sedative, and disorders brought about by the anxiolytic may demonstrate symptoms of psychiatric syndromes. This expression is caused or exacerbated by abusing medications. The condition includes psychotic conditions, bipolar behaviour, state of depression, and anxiety.
The anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative- related disorders may be reserved for people who have demonstrated signs of anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative related disorders but who may not meet the diagnosis criteria (Doweiko 2014)
Levounis and colleagues have demonstrated that sedative hypnotic and anxiolytic disorders involve behavioural and pharmacological strategies especially in patients who experience physiological dependence or those where the detoxification strategy has been used.
Physicians may be used to monitor the patient's withdrawal symptoms and give the patient basic education concerning withdrawal symptoms that may require that he visit the hospital. Already, there is evidence -- based medication which can be used to treat withdrawal. Also, there is effective evidence based on the medication, which can be used to treat sedative withdrawal. However, there is no medication approved by the U.S. food and Drug Administration which can be used to treat anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative disorders. Success has been registered in the replacement or agonist therapy used to treat opioid and tobacco disorder. However, it has not in any way been replicated in treating hypnotic, anxiolytic and sedative disorders. The reason why the agonist therapy does not work in these cases is not known. (Levounis, Herron & American Psychiatric Association, 2014).
Medication approaches
A number of drugs may be used to manage acute sedative, anxiolytic and hypnotic disorders. The selection of drugs depends on whether withdrawal symptoms may be targeted (Scher, 2014).
Benzodiazepine antagonist
These agents are used to reverse depressant...
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