Chagas Disease in the Southern Cone of South America
Goal (What is the Purpose of the Intervention)
The overarching goal of the initiative outlined by the Center for Global Development was the elimination of the insect vector in infested homes in the Southern cone of South America in order to reduce the incidence of Chagas disease.
The issue of interest in this study was the epidemic of Chagas disease in the seven countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Peru) that comprise the southern cone of South America during the last decade of the 20th century.
Facts:
Facts Researched or Known Before Intervention
Epidemiological and biological (disease burden, biological characteristics of disease. If a risk factor is involved, what is the connection of the risk factor to the burden of disease)
Researchers determined early on that people who lived in impoverished rural areas were at greatest risk of acquiring Chagas disease. The impact of Chagas disease in these regions was severe, with an estimated 16 to 18 million people in the Southern cone being infected during the 1990s, resulting in more than 50,000 fatalities each year. Beyond the human toll exacted by the disease, the economic consequences of Chagas disease in these regions was also staggering, totaling nearly three-quarters of a billion dollars in Brazil between 1979 and 1981 alone.
2. Known effective interventions for prevention, control, and treatment
The parasite that causes Chagas disease is well-known and the Southern Cone Initiative to Control/Eliminate Chagas Disease Intervention was launched by the Pan-American Health Organization in 1999 to deploy spray teams throughout the region to treat the homes of more than two-and-a-half million people using pyrethroid insecticides which have long-term efficacy. In addition, blood samples from residents in treated areas are screened for the presence of Chagas disease.
3. History. Previous actions, if any, to address the problem and outcome
Chagas disease and its cause were first described in 1909 by a Brazilian physician, Carlos Chagas, who also determined how the parasite is transmitted. The initial...
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