Most readers of Children of Global Migration will be familiar with the main themes of Parreñas’s (2005) book. However, Parreñas offers unique insight into the intersection of gender and economic policy as well as gender and immigration policies. Population migration is not a new issue by any means, but the patterns of global migration continue to change as labor markets change. The situation with Philippine domestic workers is unique because many women leave their own children to take care of an employer’s children, while her husband hires a woman from a lower socio-economic rank to perform the gendered duties of housekeeping and childrearing. Gender roles are strict and immutable enough in the Philippines to prevent most men from simply assuming household or childrearing duties, even if the family could save money by doing so. When the mother is working abroad taking care of the employer’s children, her relationship with her own back in the Philippines often suffers. Unlike male labor, female labor is devalued and deemed unworthy of respect. If a father leaves his family for temporary work abroad, he is celebrated for his contributions to the family; when the mother does the same, she is shamed for leaving her kids to take care of another’s. This complex array of issues features gender as a pivotal issue in migration. Parreñas discusses the impact of neoliberal global economic policies on migration decisions of females in poor/underdeveloped countries....
The neoliberal policies effectively transformed the global labor market, making it easier and more attractive for workers of all social classes to find positions in receiving countries. Parreñas focuses on Philippine women in the caregiving sector, including domestic work but also healthcare. Often the domestic care sector is a grey market area, which presents its own set of challenges, as the migrant laborer might not enjoy the same legal or financial privileges she might have if she worked in the more official caregiving or healthcare sectors. Moreover, neoliberal policies are almost by definition fluid and responsive to market forces. They are not based on values, principles, or ethics. Should the market demand for female caregivers change, the workers would find themselves in a precarious situation and likely forced to return home. Caregivers also utilize the neoliberal economic policies in their favor, as they can send home remittances—usually the goal of the type of migrant labor Parreñas discusses.References
Das Gupta, T. (2015) Gulf Husbands and Canadian Wives: Transnationalism from Below among South Asians – A Classed, Gendered, and Racialized Phenomenon in Engendering transnational voices : studies in family, work, and identity
Parreñas, R.S. (2005). Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes. Stanford: University of Stanford Press.
At the same time, the Japanese parent will likely encourage the child's freedom, especially in the early stages of life, while the American parent will tend to correct from early stages of development any misbehavior or errors. With the relationship mother-child, the Japanese mother will tend to emphasize less the development of the communication side for the child and will prefer a more symbiotic relationship (Ibid. page 71). 4. A family
Translational Migration Transnational Migration In this contemporary world of ours, transnational movements have become farther, quicker, unproblematic, simpler and more frequent phenomena than ever. The terms "place" and "home" have now been converted into apprehensive, time and uncertain dogmas (Warshall). It has been witnessed in the last several decades that a colossal number of people have moved to other nations as a consequence of fiscal and political transformations or social turmoil in their
Human Trafficking Transnational crime Human trafficking is defined as the trade in humans for the purposes of forced labor, sexual slavery, or organ extraction Avdan, 2012. It has been estimated that human trafficking is a lucrative industry that represents around $32 billion per year. Human trafficking is a serious crime that violates human rights. This trade affects almost all countries in the world. There are thousands of people (men, women, and children) who
Immigration The author of this report is asked to watch, summarize and assess the implications and points made by the documentary titled The Other Side of Immigration by Roy Germano. In addition to that, the author is asked to offer opinions and analysis of whether or how reform in the United States should be structured, how the a guest worker program should be structured, what is slowing down immigration reform
Immigration can be defined as the voluntary movement of non-native persons into a different country with the goal of settling and living there (Boneva & Frieze, 2001). The major reasons that people immigrate from one country to another is that they want to improve the quality of their lives, improve the future prospects for their families, or to be closer to family or close friends (Boneva & Frieze, 2001; Skrbis,
This indicates that the government must take necessary measures to limit or reduce the extent of criminal activities within the economy. This can occur through legalization of human smuggling while tightening the rules and regulations governing property or product smuggling. Smuggling and Price Disparity Model In the Bhagwati and Hansen Model (Bhagwati-Hansen Model), smuggling is a trade at the world or international prices. This indicates that there is evasion of taxes.
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