Criminological Perspectives: Sentencing and Criminology
The justice system in the United States has always incorporated the study of criminals in an attempt to reduce offenses in the country. Many theories are used in fostering our understanding as to why crimes occur in the society. However, the theories can be grouped into three main perspectives as a trait, the social, and the classical theories. The following study expounds the nature and occurrence of crimes in society by considering the three aspects.
Trait theories incorporate psychological and biological theories and are based on the argument that criminality is a product of abnormal physiological and psychological traits. The argument is that genetic and biological factors are to blame for criminal behavior and a person having the trait is more likely to commit a crime (Taylor, Walton, & Young, 2013). However, it is believed that people with such traits can be trained not to engage in crime although some are uncontrollable when committing the said crime.
Social theories include the structure theory and the process theory. Based on the social structure theory, economic position of the person is the cause of crime. In contrasts, the social process theory relies on the argument that criminality results from the interactions between people, processes, organizations, and institutions in the society (Taylor, Walton, & Young, 2013). In essence, people behave the way they do because of the environment surrounding them. Individuals in this category do not commit crime because of having certain traits but because of the need and the thought that crime is acceptable in the society. To some, crime is the only behavior they have ever known. One may engage in crime because of being disadvantaged in the society and lacking some things, he or she feels can be achieved...
References
Akers, R. L. (2013). Criminological Theories: Introduction and evaluation. Routledge.
Taylor, I., Walton, P., & Young, J. (2013). The new criminology: For a social theory of deviance. Routledge.
Tonry, M. (2014). Remodeling American Sentencing: A Ten?Step Blueprint for Moving Past Mass Incarceration. Criminology & Public Policy, 13(4), 503-533.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., & Vaughn, M. S. (2014). Indeterminate and determinate sentencing models: a state-specific analysis of their effects on recidivism. Crime & Delinquency, 60(5), 693-715.
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