¶ … learning theories, and apply them to the adult learning environment. Specifically behavioral, constructivist, and cognitive learning theories are examined.
Behavioral Learning Theories
This approach to learning suggests that learning is the result of external stimulus and response to stimulus, thus the learner's environment is the primary factor influencing learning (Hergenhahn & Olson, 1997). The focus of the behavioral learning model is changes in behavior facilitated by stimuli provided by the learner's environment; not stimuli produced by the learner. Reinforcement of stimuli in the environment are thought to effect change and therefore become critical to the learning process in this learning theory model. The learner's responses to stimuli can be strengthened depending on how one is conditioned to respond; meaning, in the behavioral model, positive reinforcement can serve to enforce positive learning.
Also important to the behavioral model is repetition and generalization of important learning concepts (Hartley, 1998). These serve to give the learner practice of important learning concepts. When the learner achieves a learning objective, positive reinforcement is again a primary motivator. Objectives can be stated in terms of daily goals, weekly goals, and term goals.
Constructivism Learning Theories
Constructivists include Dewey (1916) and Bruner (1996); they tend to view knowledge as "constructed by learners through social interaction with others" (Huang,...
The whole language method of teaching reading, versus phonics instruction, is a common use of constructivist theory (Chen, 2010, Social constructivist). Cognitive theories As the structures of the human mind began to become better understood in the 20th century, cognitivism became a popular learning theory. It suggests that by understanding how the mind works, teachers are better able to enable students to learn. Assumptions of this approach include the idea that
Learning tends to be associated with specific ways of considering events and establishes a student's "explanatory style," or the components of permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization. Permanence refers to someone believing that negative events and/or their causes are permanent, despite the fact that evidence, logic, and past experience indicate that they are instead temporary: "I'll never be good in English." Pervasiveness is generalizing, so a negative aspect of a situation is
Essay Topic Examples 1. The Impact of Behaviorism on Educational Practices: This essay would explore how behaviorist theories, such as those proposed by B.F. Skinner, have influenced classroom management, instructional strategies, and the implementation of reward systems. It would analyze the implications of behaviorism on student motivation and the effectiveness of using external rewards to enhance learning outcomes. 2. Constructivism in the Digital Age: Transforming Learning Environments: This topic would examine the principles of
A behavior resulting from injury or disease behavior resulting from experience behavior resulting from disease or drugs biologically determined behavior Evidence that learning has occurred is seen in published research studies changes in thinking changes in behavior emotional stability Change in performance is preceded by bad reviews scientific research the behavior of others change in disposition If-then statements may also be referred to as principles generalization hypothesis laws Statements which summarize relationships are restricted
Learning that is imparted through an educational institution or training company within the workplace setting in known as Work-based learning (WBL). WBL is administered by an external teacher in professional capacity and supervised by an employee of the company where WBL is imparted. An exhaustive literature review indicates that it was only after Moser report's shocking revelations, regarding lack of literacy, language, and numeracy skills in one out every five
curriculum is one of the hardest tasks that educators are faced with. This is because it must be made in a manner that is accommodative of all students. Due to the swift change of events and ways of living in our contemporary society, it becomes mandatory for adults to be taught using a variety of methods and styles. Such a change would be mandatory so as to ensure that the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now