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Toxicology An Abandoned Industrial Park Research Paper

An exposure assessment has revealed that ingestion is likely to be the main exposure point of entry for PCBs, whereas inhalation is likely to be the main point of entry for exposure to hexavalent chromium. The risks are characterized as high, and therefore all the following recommendations should be implemented immediately. Recommendations

An immediate ban on fishing in the local stream will be necessary, because "PCBs have been detected in food; they bioaccumulate through the food chain, with some of the highest concentrations found in fish," (EPA 2007). Prominent signs and physical barriers will be posted to prevent fishing in the stream, and discourage consumption of any fish that had been previously caught and subsequently frozen. The stream water and its flora and fauna must be thoroughly tested for PCBs before the ban is lifted.

All local residents should be promptly notified about their risks of exposure to both PCBs and chromium waste. Along with the notification, industrial hygienists shall compile a list of symptoms of both PCB and hexavalent chromium exposure. This list shall be distributed to residents via mail, and also posted clearly in public near the stream and visible to fishermen along with the official ban notice. The symptom checklist will encourage local residents and those who frequented the stream to seek immediate medical attention for any symptoms. Medical attention should be offered free of charge for residents who are uninsured.

If there is any agriculture dependent on the local water, or if any agriculture is located within a few miles of the plant, those facilities must be checked for exposure. The water supply is at risk for PCB contamination. We must work with the local water treatment...

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Air testing is also a crucial recommendation, because both PCBs and chromium waste have the potential to be airborne toxins that can cause respiratory illnesses or cancer. In case both air and water are found to have levels of PCBs and chromium waste that exceed exposure limits for children, then families living in the surrounding areas must be offered the means by which to temporarily or permanently relocate. The long-term effects of exposure to these toxins are deadly.
References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). ToxFAQs ™ for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Retrieved online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=140&tid=26

Allport, D.C., Gilbert, D.S. & Outterside, S.M. (2003). MDI and TDI: A safety, health and the environment. John Wiley and Sons.

Iyengar, M. (2005). Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Retrieved online: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/ehs/student%20hazards/PCB.pdf

National Cancer Institute (2008). Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk. Retrieved online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/acrylamide-in-food

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Toxicological profile for chromium. Retrieved online: http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvstox/i/fulltext/toxprofiles/chromium.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2007). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/toluene2.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2010). Basic information. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm

U.S. Environmental Protecton Agency (EPA 1994). Chemical summary for acrylamide. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_acryla.txt

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2000). Chromium compounds. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/chromium.html

United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA 2009). Acrylamide Questions and Answers. Retrieved online: http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodcontaminantsadulteration/chemicalcontaminants/acrylamide/ucm053569.htm

Sources used in this document:
References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). ToxFAQs ™ for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Retrieved online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=140&tid=26

Allport, D.C., Gilbert, D.S. & Outterside, S.M. (2003). MDI and TDI: A safety, health and the environment. John Wiley and Sons.

Iyengar, M. (2005). Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Retrieved online: http://www.ph.ucla.edu/ehs/student%20hazards/PCB.pdf

National Cancer Institute (2008). Acrylamide in Food and Cancer Risk. Retrieved online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/acrylamide-in-food
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Toxicological profile for chromium. Retrieved online: http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvstox/i/fulltext/toxprofiles/chromium.pdf
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2007). 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/toluene2.html
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2010). Basic information. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm
U.S. Environmental Protecton Agency (EPA 1994). Chemical summary for acrylamide. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_acryla.txt
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2000). Chromium compounds. Retrieved online: http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/hlthef/chromium.html
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA 2009). Acrylamide Questions and Answers. Retrieved online: http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodcontaminantsadulteration/chemicalcontaminants/acrylamide/ucm053569.htm
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