¶ … humans have been concerned with the most expedient and effective means of punishment for a crime committed. Recently, the United States has turned more to a correctional than a rehabilitative approach to punishing offenders. Studies conflict as to the success of this approach, although numbers of crimes have declined moderately. In addition, such incarceration leads to other problems such as considerably higher costs and increasing numbers of offenders having chronic diseases such as AIDS.
According to Gould and Sitren in "Crime and Punishment: Punishment Philosophies and Ethical Dilemmas," there are three major frameworks that address the purpose of punishment -- utilitarianism, deontology and peacemaking.
Utilitarianism recognizes the purpose of punishment in terms of the end result. For utilitarians, punishment is justifiable because it creates a greater balance of happiness vs. unhappiness. For Bentham, punishment should be utilized to maximize the total pleasure or minimize the total pain of all parties impacted by the crime (Gold, 2000). Perhaps the most common defenses of capital punishment are on utilitarian grounds. From the utilitarian perspective, capital punishment is justified if it prevents the criminal from repeating his crime or deters crime by discouraging would-be offenders, since both of these contribute to a greater balance of happiness in society.
Kant, a deontologist argues, however, that punishment cannot be promoted only for the good of society...
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