Timeline
Sigmund Freud (1856-1949)
Sigmund Freud is the undisputed father of psychoanalysis. Should this statement seem to contradict assertions regarding the age-old status of psychology, it must be clarified that Freud was the first theorist to formalize the process of analysis, a practice that is not used in all modalities of psychology today. Analysis, specifically the psychoanalysis so often parodied in the cartoon of the tormented patient lying on the couch before the bearded quasi-Freudian father figure of the therapist, presupposes in its theoretical structure the existence of an subconscious element to the human mind, in other words, that how humans think they immediately perceive the world is not all that there is to human consciousness.
Freud used techniques such as free association to elicit reasons for his patient's behaviors. Freud began his treatment upon hysterics. He grew to believe that unresolved childhood traumas rather than physiological causes were at the root for the difficulties experienced by these individuals. They often suffered physical paralysis from no explainable causes. Rather focusing on the 'here and now,' Freud believed one must go back into childhood and resolve old childhood dilemmas, else one's emotional maturity would forever be arrested and fixed in the past.
Thus, the method Freud used was analysis, primarily focusing on a 'talking cure,' not to vaguely make a patient 'feel better' by 'opening up' but so the analyst, trained in the art of interpretation could understand how the patient's development had gone awry. An analyst, to accomplish an effective form of therapy, must be trained in understanding such things as the different stages of oral to anal fixation, from the need for a transition from the Oedipal complex to a mature identification with the father (for the male) to letting go of penis envy (for the female). "Instead of treating the behavior of the neurotic as being causally...
Alternative and Traditional Therapeutic Methods and Interventions: The Treatment of Children in Foster Care Children who live in a foster care environment often have emotional difficulties that must be dealt with by their caregivers. It is true that some of these children also have physical disabilities and ailments, but most of these physical problems can be handled more easily than some of the emotional scars that these children carry. Many of these
An important point emphasized by many theorists was that it was essential for the therapeutic alliance to be flexible in order to accommodate the patient or client's perceptions. Another cardinal aspect that was emphasizes by clinicians and theorists was that the therapeutic alliance had the ability to create and promote change in the client. In other words, the therapeutic alliance should be varied enough to deal with the various levels
Therapeutic Models Psychodynamic & Person-Centered Therapies Psychodynamic theory and client-centered theory provide significant basis for recent therapeutic methods. Where both the therapeutic methods emphasize on improving the condition of the subject, they follow different schools of thoughts which is well-reflected in their applications as well. Since psychodynamic and client-centered therapy focuses on eliminating various aspects of past life and improving the subject's perception of self-worth in relation with present and future
Therapeutic Hypothermia Review Annotated Bibliography Lucero, Catherine (2010) Therapeutic Hypothermia. Clinical Correlations. Retrieved from: http://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=2032 Lucero (2010) writes of therapeutic hypothermia "resumption of spontaneous circulation after prolonged ischemia due to cardiac arrest carries significant morbidity and mortality and much effort has been directed toward reducing the debilitating consequences." Lucero reviews the studies that demonstrate an association between therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients and improved neurological outcomes. Tran, Bau P., et al. (2010) Use
Psycho-educational Models of Family Therapy and Transgenerational Models of Family Therapy in Correlation to Physical and Sexual Violence and Abuse Molestation, commonly known as sexual abuse, is defined as forced sexual behavior by one individual with another. However, sexual assault is one which is not so frequent, lasts for short duration, and is immediate. Pejoratively, sexual abuser or offender is referred as a molester. It also means any act on behalf
The preliminary data suggests that nurses need to adopt a holistic approach toward care as more and more mothers seek out non-pharmacological and natural methods for improving comfort and reducing the pain associated with labor and delivery. Nurses can also help patients by educating them about their choices during labor, as well as potential unexpected events that occur during labor and delivery. As this study shows, mothers prepared for the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now