On the part of his fellow scientists, Snow's research was resisted because it was conducted with intellectual 'leaps' of logic in his determination to find the cause, as opposed to Farr's more technical and methodological approach. Farr had the more comprehensive health surveillance program, but Snow's hypothesis and instincts were correct. Snow drew upon past studies involving smallpox, cowpox, and syphilis, to extrapolate parallel examples of how the disease was transmitted, while Farr clung to the airborne model of disease transmission popular at the time even after reviewing such studies. Farr stated that non-living or zymotic material was transmitted through the air, and hence the closer the quarters of the affected, the more apt the material would be transmitted through the air. The commonly-held belief was that fecalized air and water were the primary conduits of the disease. Farr believed primarily that the transmission was "miasmatic" and the prevalence in certain areas like slums and prisons, where close contact by air-born bacteria was thought to be prevalent supported this conclusion. Models that confirm rather than contradict existing evidence are altogether more 'comforting' to the scientific community. To his credit, however, Farr did concede that the waters were highly polluted in areas where the epidemics had occurred, although he disagreed with Snow's conclusions that water was the primary...
As far as Farr was concerned, sewage-filled water was simply a conduit for air-born miasma. But as he examined statistics over a period of time, it became clear that the epidemics were largely concentrated around the East London water field, specifically the Old Forge reservoir. The arrangements of the origins of the water of certain districts corresponded to outbreaks, and when another source of water had been used during one period by the water supply company for the city that was free of sewage, no cholera outbreak occurred at all.
In more severe cases, intravenous administration of fluids may be required. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that antibiotics may shorten the course and diminish the severity of the illness. Immediate treatment is critical for a successful outcome because death from cholera can occur within just a few hours. Without rehydration, approximately half the people with cholera die according to the World Health Organization (Cholera). However, when
"However, some baceteria -- including the one that causes cholera -- regularly pass through this gauntlet (stomach acid) to wreak havoc in the intestines" (Seppa, 2002, p. 357). Seppa's study continues by asserting that, "the result is severe diarrhea that can lead to fatal dehydration" (Seppa, p. 358). Treating cholera can be done with a variety of antibiotics and medical supplies, but the simplest and most effective way to both
Professor Mabel Morana of Washington University in St. Louis, professor of Spanish and Latin American Studies, explains that Garcia Marquez is a genius at restoring the "time-honored mission of entertaining by means of the mere act of narrating" (Morana, 1990). In other words, Garcia Marquez's writing is so effective it really isn't crucially important who or what he is writing about. Just jump on board and enjoy the ride. Getting
Furthermore, Florentino proves that "love never fails." Much of Love in the Time of Cholera remains tragic and heart-wrenching, as Florentino is spurned by the object of his desire. Yet, rather than give up on Fermina he proves that his love for her is greater than life itself; only through the death of her husband is Florentino able to fulfill his romantic fantasy. However grim this thought may seem, Florentino
S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are part of the reason as to why the disease prevention efforts in Haiti are very successful. Despite this level of success, the Haitian disease prevention efforts are faced with several challenges. The challenges include shortage of human resource, widespread poverty as well as very limited infrastructure. The Haitians successful disease treatment and prevention programs such as the Partners in Health model (community-based
Cholera in Somalia: Resources Determine Strategy Cholera in Somalia Cholera Background Information Vibrio cholerae (cholera) is a Gram-negative bacterium that threatens human health when water and food supplies become contaminated (Weil, Ivers, and Harris, 2012). Its emergence occurs most often in crowded and unsanitary conditions and on average kills approximately 50% of those who develop symptoms and never receive treatment. Death occurs because a toxin secreted by the bacterium is endocytosed by epithelial
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