As mentioned earlier, Sellin placed emphasis on the cultural diversity that was found in a modern society, in which wile criminal law contains the crime norms of inappropriate and deviant behavior, the conduct norms of less powerful groups that reflect their own specific social situations would conflict with the crime norms mentioned earlier, leading to the inculcation of criminal and deviant behavior among the members of less dominant and influential groups. Therefore, as diverse cultures permeate society, deviant behaviors would grow as a result of increased conflict, felt Sellin. Conflict can be of two main types: primary, which may occur when the norms of two different societies happen to conflict with each other, and secondary, in which a single culture is involved, and in which conflict may occur over a period of time. ("Introduction to sociology," n. d.)
When one stops to analyze culture conflict theory and its relationship to criminal behavior, one would come to the realization that conflict theory and criminology are closely inter-related, and this would include the study of deviant and criminal behaviors. Take for example the study that was conducted by the GAO, to find out whether or not the race of either the victim or of the defendant would cast an influence over the capital sentencing process in any way. Fifty three criminal cases were studied as a part of this analysis, and to everyone's surprise, it was found that there was indeed a close inter-relationship between culture, social learning, conflict and crime. (Vito; Maahs; Holmes, 2007)
The GAO study revealed these facts: in almost 82% of the cases, it was found that the race of the victim had influenced the end sentencing, of whether the defendant would receive the death penalty or be charged with capital murder. This was found to be especially true in cases where the victim was white and the defendant, black. In short, evidence was able to prove that the victim's race and culture was a strong influence on the case at every juncture throughout the criminal justice system process, especially at the early stages where the prosecutorial decision to either seek the death penalty or to proceed further to trial would be taken. This evidence was able to prove that there could be a very strong 'race of victim' influence over the justice system, in which more often than not, blacks, the less dominant cultural group, would be dominated by the more dominant white group, and as far as criminals were concerned, the more dominant group would make the decisions concerning their indictment and prosecution. (Vito; Maahs; Holmes, 2007)
The conflict explanation of the criminal justice system suggests that those who enjoy the power to make laws would make them, with their own interests, or rather the interests of their own group in mind. Taken in terms of sociology, this theory is often taken as a starting point to explain criminal and deviant behaviors. According to the tenets of sociology, criminal conduct may well originate when a less dominant or powerful group tries to adhere to the various norms as dictated by their own group, while at the same time violating the norms as dictated by the other group of individuals who may be more dominating than this one, while believing that he was acting normally and within the norms of normal behaviors. Frederick Thrasher, an eminent sociology theorist, studied 1313 gangs in order to analyze criminal and deviant...
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I would agree with this statement, since theory and practice, when applied to each other appropriately, inform each other and cannot in fact be separated into two distinct entities. It is vitally important to use theory for informing practice, while practice would further inform theory, making the statement that a good theory is, in fact, practically true. 5. Benedict Spinoza, a post-Cartesian philosopher in the 17th century, held ideas of which many
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