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Theoretical Approaches Towards The Development Of Organizations Research Paper

¶ … social organizations are increasingly multifaceted systems, primarily because of strong criticisms to the conventional mechanistic model, which formed the original basis for organizational theory, and because of related issues concerning ineffectiveness of associated hierarchical control. In the context of today's open and globalized markets, there is increased pressure for skillfulness, competitiveness, and flexibility, requiring more adaptive systems. Consequently, there is great demand for modern complexity theories that would provide ideas to managers, with regard to organizational structures modeled on neural networks and self-organization, in consultancy as well as academic journals (Arevalo & Espinosa, 2015). Chaos Theory: The term chaos denotes confusion and turmoil. Theoretically, chaos signifies uncertainty of occurrences and reactions in a system against posited effect. Chaos theory doesn't consider organization as purely static, with mechanical operation; rather, it views organization as a dynamic arrangement operating a dynamic system. Thus, organizations must be regarded similar to other natural living systems, as they are impacted by external and internal factors, and are capable of transforming into a distinct and definite structure. Chaotic situations render analytical approach poor and long-run planning, challenging (Banerjee, 2013).

Complexity theory: Complexity, derived from Greek, denotes something 'woven together.' Complexity, scientifically, depends on links between a particular thing's components, rather than on variety/number of components. According to complexity theory, complex systems acquire order via uncontrolled interactions involving several agents. The interactions generate unpredictable results (Banerjee, 2013).

Autopoietic theory: Autopoiesis represents living systems' organizational characteristic: their self-distinction and self-production, and is believed...

Simple observation helps in determining whether or not a system is autopoietic. Autopoiesis also determines system identity. Time only enters the theory via the concept of conservation (or invariance in an interval of time). Structural changes occur constantly in the system, but autopoiesis is maintained and conserved, failing which, it will disintegrate. This tautological statement is of interest only because the system's very identity comes through self-distinction generated by autopoiesis (this is the choice of the observer). However, the theory, at this juncture, begins relying on intuitions. As autopoiesis's conservation is not explained in its definition, autopoietic theory, often, is supplemented by turning to metaphors (Paolo, 2009).
Dialectical Change Theory: This model was developed in 2002 by Creed and Seo, inspired by Benson; the authors employ symbolic interactionism to explain the model. They state that four key principles, namely, social construction, contradiction, praxis and totality drive organizational studies under their model. The social construction principle concentrates on social systems which create new social order (for instance, a new firm being instituted), as well as on new social exchanges which slowly outline rules and routines. This gives rise to new totality, i.e., an organization having various subcultures, connected through general rules to form a "loosely linked" system. Contradictions, according to the model, denote the numerous disagreements and discrepancies of interpretation between different subcultures and systemic levels comprising the totality. Over time, these contradictions between the real world and theory increase, leading to the system being questioned; this gives rise to novel social practices (or praxis), aimed at transforming current social system. The praxis characterizes different levels of collective action, of lesser or…

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Bibliography

Arevalo, L. E., & Espinosa, A. (2015). heoretical approaches to managing complexity in organizations: A comparative analysis. Elsevier, 20-29.

Banerjee, S. (2013). Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2012. New York City: Springer Science & Business Media.

CONTINGENCY APPROACH To MANAGEMENT. (n.d.). Retrieved from referenceforbusiness.com: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Contingency-Approach-to-Management.html

Davis, K., and Blomstrom, R. L. 1980. Concepts and Policy Issues: Environment and Responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Organizational Culture Development. (n.d.). Retrieved from Center for Intentional Leadership: http://www.centerforintentionalleadership.com/culture-development/
Walonick, D. S. (1993). Organizational Theory and Behavior. Retrieved from statpac.org: http://statpac.org/walonick/organizational-theory.htm
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