¶ … Mariano Azuela The Mexican Revolution has always been debated upon by historians, some labeling it as a "fiesta de balas" -- a party of bullets, with minimal political aims or ideologies. Others have not disregarded the revolution and noted that although most of the conflicts were centered in the provinces of the Mexican countryside, the revolutions' leaders were politically driven and adopted clear political ideologies. How does the novel The Underdogs treat this issue? Which side does it take?

The historiographical reality of the Mexican revolution of 1910[footnoteRef:1] has been deeply fashioned by novelists like Mariano Azuela. It was novels like the "Underdogs"[footnoteRef:2] that captured the essence of the revolution. The commotion that followed the fall of Porfirio Diaz, defined the Mexican nation in a new light, and although this was not the first time the oppressed Latin American masses rose against the ruling elite, it would definitely be the most effective rise. [1: The novel focuses on five locations of conflict that are Jalisco, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguas Caliente and Nayarit during the ten-year period of the Mexican Revolution, from 1913-1915. ] [2: Azuela's Novel described the revolution through the perspective, victories and losses of Demetrio and his bandits. ]

Mexico is a land that has always been torn by some sort of conflict, with the first rebellions led by the natives against the forced European rule. Since there was a disappointment with the elite rule, exclusionary political policies, and the fact that projects were not formulated overnight, the revolution was the final point of endurance by the economically and ethnically marginalized masses of Latin America.

The novel is in essence a record of the revolution, one that precedes any journalistic and graphic reports of modern wars. The 'Underdogs' novel is considered "Pictures and Scenes of the Present Revolution"; a truthful depiction of the...

The novel narrates the events that were being discussed and published in the pages of the Spanish El Paso del Norte, in El Paso, Texas. It was this very novel that was published in folletin form in 1915 (Robe, 15).
Azuela undertook a year-long journey that led him into the thick of the Mexican revolution. He drifted from one conflict to another, the defeats, and the strategic and horrific retreats of Villa's armies to their northern base.

From the writer's perspective, the U.S. support of the enemy, the constant retreats and the circumstances, were grim for the revolution. This was the setting for his greatest Novel,

"The Underdogs." The Novel is considered one of Mexico's establishing fictions; however, the book gives an accurate account of the revolution's proceedings[footnoteRef:3]. Underdogs even contributed to the image and struggle of the revolution that he considered a failure[footnoteRef:4]. [3: Azuela; a doctor by profession, treated the wounded and saw the revolution as a supporter and traveler with the Military leader Julian Medina; a loyal follower of Pancho Villa. The content for Los de Abajo (The Underdogs) is inspired by a true documentation during this period. ] [4: Azuela was forced into exile to El Paso, Texas in 1915 during Huerta's short period of victory. Azuela wrote the novel here. ]

Disillusionment with the revolution and its corrupt agendas is a crucial thematic component of The Underdogs, one that is prominent in a three-part narrative arrangement of the writer's own development and intellectual experiences. Azuela's growth can be clearly outlined in the following three phases:

Azuela's original romanticized optimism

The sobering experience of being involved in actual combat and seeing death and destruction up close[footnoteRef:5]. [5: Azuela served as a chief of political affairs in Lagos de Moreno, his hometown, under the rule of Mexican…