Level 2: Beginning: Children can make use of simple phrases. Level 3: Developing: Children exhibit hesitant use of written and spoken academic and social English. Level 4: Expanding: Children show comfort with social English, while have difficulty with academic English. Level 5: Bridging: Children are capable of understanding both academic and social English with competency, although with some difficulty (Law & Eckes 2007, p.47). The question of whether an incoming student can read at all -- or can read, just not in English -- is a critical question that must be addressed during an initial student assessment. A home language survey can be an important introduction to the child's cultural setting and educational background, although the information obtained from such visits is always incomplete, as the language and full scope of the child's formal schooling can be difficult to discern from such a visit (Law & Eckes 2007, p.48). Talking with the child to determine oral proficiency is essential: asking the child about fun and relaxing...
Print awareness is also important to note. A child can be intelligent, but may not have been exposed to print media in his or her former cultural context (Law & Eckes 2007, p.63).
As with most assessments, there are disadvantages in using criterion-referenced tests. The most obvious limit to this type of assessment is its susceptibility to inadequately reflect the curriculum. This is particularly true with state mandated criterion-referenced tests. State-level test makers are far removed from classrooms; they do not witness the goings-on of individual schools and classrooms. Due to this distance, state-created criterion-referenced tests may assess knowledge and skills that may
" (2003) Furthermore, it is related that the study of Valencia, Valenquela, Sloan and Foley (2001) suggest that "inferior schools are the cause of historically minority student failure, and in promoting accountability, proponents are treating the symptom of school failure rather than the cause." (Flores and Clark, 2003) it is additionally stated in the work of Flores and Clark (2003) that "current literature abounds with evidence that the Texas' state-mandated test
Whereas conventional, compacted clay barriers are designed to prevent the infiltration of water into the waste below the cover, evapotranspiration takes a decidedly different approach. The cover technique actually uses to its advantage the high water storage capacity of fine grained soils to retain water in the soil above the waste and refuse. The water is "stored" in that layer until it is released back into the atmosphere either
Alternative and Traditional Therapeutic Methods and Interventions: The Treatment of Children in Foster Care Children who live in a foster care environment often have emotional difficulties that must be dealt with by their caregivers. It is true that some of these children also have physical disabilities and ailments, but most of these physical problems can be handled more easily than some of the emotional scars that these children carry. Many of these
Regularly using a diet from which foods are eliminated that are known to produce hives and other skin eruptions and asthmatic attacks shows no relationship with MS; b) Kousmine diet. This low-fat, low-concentrated sugar, high-fiber diet, supplemented by vitamins A, D, E, C, and B. complex does not indicate any scientific evidence in being effective in treating MS; c) Gluten-Free diet that excludes wheat and rye should be considered
Animal Testing Negatives of Animal Testing Outweigh Its Positives and Therefore Should Not be Allowed Many cures and treatments have been developed in the last three hundred years due to advances in medical technology. These developments are sometimes attributed partly to the fact that scientists and researchers have been able to use animals as "guinea pigs" for testing new medications or treatment methods before passing them to human volunteers. There is strong
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