When he was put to speak, he passed message by blinking his eyes in Morse code which spelled out T-O-R-T-U-R-E.
In computers, images are array of numbers representing light intensities at various pixels or points. Digital pictures have either 8 bit or 24 bit per pixel. Each bit represents an association of palette or color index. In color image of the 8-bit, every pixel that points out to only one of the 256 colors is represented by a single byte (sellars). 0's and 1s are bits whereby 8 bits create a byte. An example, of a byte is the 111 11110. The less significant bit is the position where zero is located. The least Significant bit (LSB) way is the staganography technique that is mostly implemented. When applying techniques of LSB to every byte of a 24-bit image, there are three bits of LSB that can be encoded to every pixel. Any variations in the LSB produce images which can not be distinguished from the original. This kind of technique may work well in 24-bit images but poorly in 8 bit images. (Johnson, 2001)
Modern Steganography
Modern steganography involves the use of computer technology to actively and passively code, convey and subsequently decode the steganographic message. The computer by itself identifies a picture in terms of very tiny picture elements. The picture elements are usually described in terms of various bits. The digital picture format is composed of either 24 bits or 8 bits per pixel. The individual bits are however linked to particular color index.
A perfects example is that in an 8-bit color digital imagery, one of the 256 colors per pixel is denoted as a single byte (Sellars).The 24-bit color imagery also has its own schema. The various bytes that represent the colors can be manipulated to contain certain hidden information. This is done by using one picture to hide a certain message file inside another file. The file which contains the hidden message is referred to as the "container file." The container file is taken through a very manipulative and yet non-destructive process which leaves the original message intact and undetectable by the human eye and ear. The paradox that surrounds the use of this technology is that its original use was targeted towards the prevention of the illegal distribution of sensitive documents electronically. This could have resulted in the various copyright infringers gaining access to the documents without duly paying the original owner of the document (Sellars).
In the past few years, more complex methods of steganography have been devised. These new methods are built with the intention of beating or rather evading detection by the common or rather standard detection techniques. The modern methods include the analysis of the image to be used prior to embedding the information on it. This is in order to determine its statistical properties. The redundant bits of the image are then located and then they get replaced probabilistically with new but redundant information bits. This method helps in beating the common statistical steganographic analyzers. The image is then subsequently modified in certain parts. This makes it very hard to recreate the original statistical footprints of the image.
The previous introductions of various encoding software have made it absolutely easy for anyone to compose a steganographic message. Most of the steganographic tools are also available online as freeware and therefore easily downloadable over the internet. Examples include the "StegFS" which is windows based. The steganograhic tool hide the information in the imagery. The various steganographic tools therefore are developed and then subsequently released in order to detect the existence of steganographic content. An image suspected to contain hidden information is then ran through the software which initiates a dictionary attack on the suspect image in order to determine the various key phrases.
Detection of Steganography
It is very important for various governments and corporations to devise effective and efficient methods of detecting the existence of covertly stored information within the various imagery that are being transmitted across their national borders, be it electronically or otherwise. This is because steganography can be a major source of national insecurity as it may aid rebels and terrorists in easily communicating right under the noses of the authorities.
The recent involvement of the U.S. authorities with Iomart, a Scottish corporate spyware vendor in an effort of tracking down Osama Bin Laden has shed some light into the possible detection of steganographic messages.The firm leaked certain information regarding the use of Key fingerprint = AF19 FA27 2F94 998D FDB5 DE3D F8B5 06E4 A169 4E46
In detecting and identifying several...
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