Tennis is an indoor or outdoor game, played by two players or two pairs of players, using rackets and a light ball, across a rectangular court, which is divided in the middle by a net. It is called singles when there are two players and doubles when there are two pairs. There are white lines in the tennis court, which indicate the dimensions and service areas. The standard tennis court measures 78 feet long and divided into two equal sides. The net at the center measures approximately 3 feet. For doubles, alleys 4.5 feet wide are added along the two longer sides, increasing the total width to 36 feet. Courts may be made of grass, clay, wood, asphalt, concrete or other synthetic material. (USTA 2002) The tennis ball, on the other hand, is 2 1/2 and 2 5/8 inches in diameter and weighs between 2 and 2 1/16 oz. It is made of wool and artificial fibers and is usually either white or yellow. And the rackets used are generally classified by the size, which is standard, mid-sized, oversized or super oversized. (USTA)
The referees in recreational contests are usually the players themselves, but officials in tournaments keep score, judge shots as good or not and interpret rules. The chair umpire heads the judges and sits on a tall chair in one end of the net, while the other line judges sit around the court and away from the movement area of the players. These line judges decide whether the serves and shots are good or not. A net-cord decides when a ball touches the top of the net, while a foot-fault judge watches for specific violations. Electronic devices are now used in professional tournaments to determine if serves, whose speed is more than 100 mph, land in or out of the service box. (USTA).
A b.
The main objective of the game is, of course, to win it. The game is played up to four points and won by two points, designated by the scores 15, 30,40 and zero (referred to as love). A tie that reaches 40 is called a deuce, and the player, who reaches a deuce and makes a point after it is the winner through the "no-ad" system. Players aim at winning 6 games in a set and by minimum of 2. They must win at least 7 in the set in case of a tie at 5-5, which then requires an extension. Competitions usually require two wins out of 3 or3 out of 5 sets.
IIa. The game begins with a serve and the server is the player who initiates by tossing the ball into the air and hits it before reaching or touching the ground and into the opponent's service area, which is called the service box. The player who receives the ball is called a receiver. The server must do so behind the baseline and outside the court until the ball is hit or struck. The first serve is done at the right side of the court and two tries are allowed per service. A fault is called if the ball first hits any part of the opponent's court (except the service box) or goes out of court or hits the net before hitting the opponent's court outside the service box or before getting out of court. First serves usually have more velocity, while second serves have greater accuracy and more spin.
b. In case of fast serves, players usually go behind the baseline to have more time to react. After the first point, the service is done at the left side. The service is thereafter made on the opposite side as the points are earned until the entire game is played. The opponent then serves in the succeeding game, with this alternating pattern of service. In the case of doubles, the serves are done alternately between teams and between players, with an individual player serving every fourth game.
The ball is struck back and forth until a player or side fails to return it successfully. When a player lets it bounce twice, hits it into the net or outside the boundary of the opposite side, that shot is considered unsuccessful. If it strikes the line of the court, it is considered in play. Or it falls out of bounds on the opposite side after hitting the net, it is called out. It is also considered in play if it falls into the opposite court. And when the strike is unsuccessful, the opponent gets the score.
A c.
A follow through is a kind of "verification" of the type of hit or strike made, which in turn, depends on the amount of time of a forward swing, the court space when making the hit, and...
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