Wardhaugh indicates that there is a problematic need in the field to reverse expectations about the capacity of this approach to instruct in practicable and usable linguistic ability. The author takes exception with traditionalist ideas the argue "the single paramount fact about language learning is that it concerns, not problem solving, but the formation and performance of habits." (Wardhaugh, p. 21) The linguistic theorist rejects this principle as failing

Brevity is also necessary because reading for content and for linguistic problem solving is the focus" (Kruger). In contrast to the brevity of the intensive program the extensive program "consists of longer selections, that are assigned to be read outside of class, like novels or short stories" (Kruger). Of course a major goal of the program was English language knowledge and reading comprehension, but "Vocabulary building is an intrinsic part

ELLs frequently disappear in these comprehensive settings. Similar interpretations about mainstreaming have been made in other English-speaking countries such as Australia, Britain and Canada, where ELLs are also categorized and served under a larger authority of diversity education or literacy education intended for native English speakers who may have learning requirements very dissimilar from their own (Harper and de Jong, 2009). Teaching approaches are founded on theories. ESL teachers often

, 1997). Relevant to ESL students and teaming between ESL teachers and mainstream teachers, the St. Paul, Minnesota. school district has replaced assigning ESL students to a full-day ESL track or having an ESL teacher regularly pull them out of class. Instead, mainstream and ESL teachers co-teach in the same classroom. With this approach, the school district has nearly closed the achievement gap between English-language learners and native speakers, based

The LDDI results were rated separately and were compared with an inter-rater reliability of.99. Results were categorized independently and were then categorizations in three areas were compared: positively identified, not identified, and questionable. The LDDI is a survey instrument with six independent scales used to identify specific learning disabilities. These scales include: Listening, Reading, Writing, Mathematics, and Reasoning. Each scale has fifteen items associated with behaviors that typically indicate specific

For such crucial areas as writing instruction, the simple use of email can prove to render this effect. To the point, one article indicates to us that "writing in itself is often considered a process that involves four main stages i.e., planning, drafting, revising and editing. These four steps seem to be applicable for paper-based writing as well as for e-mail writing. They can be integrated to form the