According to the research conducted by Silverstein et al., (2000), the pressure used to place the probe tip at the base of the periodontal sulcus is approximately 50 N/cm2 and at the base of the junction epithelium is 200 N/cm2. A tip diameter of 0.6 mm is needed to reach the base of the sulcus. Clinical inflammation does not reflect the severity of histological inflammation, and the recordings may not illustrate probing depth. Therefore, probing depth does not identify anatomical locations at the base of the sulcus. Probe tips must have a diameter of 0.6 mm and a 0.20 gram force (50 N/cm2) to gain a pressure which demonstrates estimated probing depth. This pressure is useful for the measurement of the reduction of clinical probing depth, which includes the formation of a long junctional epithelium as a result of treatment. but, different forces or diameter tips are essential for the measurement of healthy or inflamed histological periodontal probing depths.
A research was done to establish whether probing force had an influence on the amount of clinical attachment-gain assessed after treatment by scaling and root planing. A probing device was constructed which permitted concurrent monitoring of probing force and probe penetration and which standardized the insertion pathway for recurring measurements. In 10 periodontal patients, 2 deep pockets were selected then measured before and after periodontal treatment by scaling and root-planing. Depth-force plots were compared by superimposition. Depth values were determined at 5 different force levels (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 N) on every plot and changes of clinical attachment levels were calculated. A major relationship was seen between probing force and attachment level.
The values obtained with 0.25 N. were extensively different from the values obtained with higher forces (p < 0.001). Minor, but non-significant differences were noted in the amount of attachment-gain obtained at the 5 force levels. At a probing force level of 0.25 N, there was 0.80mm mean attachment gain. With 0.50 N, there was a gain of 0.70mm; with 0.75 N. The gain amounted to 0.67 mm in mean. At 1.00 N. And at 1.25 N, a gain of 0.66 mm was recorded. (Fowler et al., 1982)
The present research to determine the threshold pressure value to be applied in provoking bleeding on probing in clinically healthy gingival units. Regression study revealed an almost linear association and a high connection coefficient between bleeding on probing and probing force. The result demonstrated that the bleeding on probing test using uncontrolled forces may result in a part of false positive readings and a strong possibility exists for the traumatizing of clinically healthy gingival tissues if a probing force exceeding 0.25N is applied (Lang et al., 1990)
Bleeding on probing and gingival index is clinically used to characterize the extent of gingival inflammation. However, it is not clear to what level these parameters correlate to each other and to probing pocket depth. This study was to evaluate the relationship between bleeding on probing and gastrointestinal bleeding (scores of 2 and 3), as well as the relationship of these variables to probing depth, in a group of patients presenting with naturally-occurring gingivitis. Based on screening examinations of 125 patients with at least 20 teeth, at most 4 sites with probing depth over 6mm a bleeding on probing frequency of 30% or more, and no systemic condition that would influence the inflammatory response, were selected. Two weeks after screening patients were examined at 6 sites per tooth for plaque index, gastrointestinal bleeding, probing depth and bleeding on probing.
A standardized pressure sensitive probe (Florida Probe) with 20g probing force was used for bleeding on probing and probing depth measurements. Means of 40.9% (S.E. = 1.36) bleeding on probing sites and 35.3% (S.E. = 1.81) gastrointestinal bleeding sites per patient were found. A total of 20,008 sites ranging in probing depth up to 5.9mm were evaluated, though, most sites (19,723, 98.6%) presented with < 4 mm probing depth. When sites were evaluated, bleeding on probing confirmed a positive correlation with probing depth, whereas gastrointestinal bleeding correlated with probing depth. For sites characterized by the absence of bleeding on probing and gastrointestinal bleeding (scores 0 and 1), the highest percentage of union between the 2 indices (77.7%) was found in shallow sites (0.1-2 mm) index (Chaves, 1993).
Another study showed that the bleeding on probing test using uncontrolled forces may result in an amount of false positive readings when used as a parameter for inflammation. A strong likelihood exists for the traumatizing of clinically healthy gingival tissues if a probing force exceeding 0.25 N. is applied. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between probing pressures...
Signs and symptoms of periodontal disease include bleeding on probing, the presence of periodontal pockets, alveolar bone loss, pain, and gingival swelling. Risk factors for periodontal disease include cigarette smoking, diabetes, stress, poor oral hygiene, the presence of periodontal pockets, and heredity. Because the signs and symptoms of periodontal disease are not equal to the risk factors for periodontal disease, the method to determine a diagnosis of periodontal disease
Nevertheless, an individual may prefer to have this type of calculus removed for other reasons or otherwise as part of a long-term treatment regimen. For example, Bennett and Mccrochan note that, "When the American Dental Association later approved Warner-Lambert's mouthwash, Listerine, by stating that 'Listerine Antiseptic has been shown to help prevent and reduce supragingival plaque accumulation and gingivitis. . ., ' sales rose significantly" (1993:398). It remains unclear,
Oral Health and Heart Disease The following literature review will explore research that has investigated the relationship between dental health and cardiovascular disease. The discussion will focus on the significance of the association between oral health and cardiovascular disease, oral health and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, as well as other potential risk factors associated with this relationship. An effective starting point in the investigation of the association between dental health and
Self-reporting is noted as the most efficient as well as widely accepted means of disease assessment. It is therefore advisable to use self-rated oral health in the evaluation of the perception of people's health. The oral symptoms ae the subjective perceptions of an individual's oral health which is derived from various oral diseases such as periodontal disease, caries, xerostomia as well as tooth loss. It is clear that no
Mental health disorder is a continuum ranging from a severe disorder to minor distress of behavior or mind. The prime target of the health initiative is to enhance the social functioning and health of mentally ill persons (Halpern & Kaste, 2013). Oral health problem contributes to quality of life, general health, and self-esteem. Although it might have a minimal priority in the context of depression, the impact of mental health
……Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Early Awareness Education and Its Effects on BMISubmitted by:Nancy L. Gee Comment by Pamela Love: Looks like an interesting project, Nancy.Very good start! Be sure whenever you submit your manuscript that you change wording from �study� to �project� and avoid referring to the project as research. Review carefully for grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, format, or APA errors. Pay close attention to the reviewer�s comments as you continue
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