The social definitions of citizenship here, Park argues, play the major role since legally children of immigrants are not required to overcome the barriers imposed by the existing social hierarchy. The idea of social citizenship helps us to understand the unequal power structure that relegates immigrants -- and other representatives of the lower class, for that matter -- "to particular spaces within this hierarchy based upon their race, class, and gender" (p. 5).
Asian immigrants in America, Park argues, have to choose between being a "dependent" immigrant and a "deserving" one. Most Asian-Americans strive for the latter, fulfilling the expectations of the dominant culture as a "model minority." This decision, according to Park, is based on a "false" idea, as this notion, rather than granting Asian-Americans full citizenship, reinforces their designated social space where Asian-Americans know how to "behave" in a certain way. The "model minority" notion presumes that Asian-Americans are superior to African-Americans but are inferior to White Americans. Moreover, Park also argues, American dominant culture falsely claims that the Asian-American successes in finding upward economic mobility are made possible by the opportunities offered in the United States. In reality, she argues, Asian-Americans succeed in spite of the barriers imposed by the social structure which discriminates along racial, gender, and class lines.
Park outlines her argument in the book by dividing it into several chapters thematically. In chapter 2, she discusses...
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