At-risk preschoolers and students with ADHD
The growth and development of children under the school going age is often expected to be normal and almost similar among all children. However, this is often not the reality in the society as some children are predisposed to some factors that curtail their normal growth and development. This developmental deficiency can be detected as early as 24 months where some children are detected to display a significant lag in cognitive and behavioral development. There are children in various categories that are predisposed to such lag in developmental issues yet they have not achieved the school going age, these are the ones referred to as the at risk preschoolers. There are various factors that have been seen to significantly subject young children to risk. One major factor is the low-income families within which they are born. Children can however be affected by more than one risk factor in effect making them more at risk, and when two or three factors are combined, there is a likelihood of the child suffering adverse effects including schooling failure, maladaptive behavior among other negative behavior. The main factors that put preschoolers at risk are households without English speakers, large families, low parental education, residential mobility, single-parent situation, teen mother situation and non-employed parents (Ritcher L.M., Black M.M & Lu C., 2016). Children living under or born in such conditions are generally categorized as at-risk lot.
ADHD
ADHD, the short form of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a brain based syndrome which is highly genetic and is concerned with the regulation of a specific set of brain functions and related behaviors. ADHD is known to involve the key skills known as ‘executive functioning skills’, these include significant functions of the human brain such as concentration, attention, memory, effort, motivation, learning from errors, hyperactivity, impulsivity, social skills and organization. ADHD is caused by differences in the development of brain anatomy and wiring, hence once has a challenge in the utility of the aforementioned skills. ADHD can therefore be referred to as a persistent pattern, which is lifelong, of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention that obstructs the regular development or functioning across time and settings (The Understood Team, 2014). It is estimated that in the US, 5% of adults have ADHD, which caters for 11,000,000 people and this condition affects both male and females and not limited to children. Since it is a neurobehavioral condition, it has no cure and most of the victims do not outgrow the condition.
Characteristics of children with;
Early developmental delays- there are some signs that a parent needs to look out for in the course of development of the child. In as much as it is true that each child has his own pace...
References
Mader J., (2017). How Teacher Training Hinders Special-Needs Students. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/03/how-teacher-training-hinders-special-needs-students/518286/
Morin A., (2014). What You Need to Know About Developmental Delays. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/treatments-approaches/early-intervention/what-you-need-to-know-about-developmental-delays
National Institute of Mental Health, (2016). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml
Ritcher L.M., Black M.M & Lu C., (2016). Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level. Retrieved February 09, 2018 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30266-2/fulltext
Shillinglaw J.A., (2017). Evaluation of the Special Education Programs Department of Special Education Swansea Public School District Swansea, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.swanseaschools.org/cms/lib/MA02202433/Centricity/Domain/8/Swansea%20Special%20Education%20Program%20Evaluation%202017.pdf
The Understood Team, (2014). Understanding ADHD. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/add-adhd/understanding-adhd
WebMd, (2017). Recognizing Developmental Delays in Children. Retrieved February 09, 2018 https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/recognizing-developmental-delays-birth-age-2#1
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