Tumor Suppressor p53
The p53 tumor suppressor, also known as the TP 53 or tumor protein can be referred to as a gene that codes for a protein that is responsible for the regulation of the cycle of the cell and therefore acting as tumor suppression. It is significant for cells in multicellular organisms to suppress cancer, p53 has been referred to as ‘the guardian of the genome’ as extracted from its role in the conservation of the stability by hindering the mutation of the genome. The name p53 comes from the molecular mass that it has-53 kilodalton fraction of the cell proteins.
The research conceited with the cure for cancer and its management dates many decades ago, but in 1979 there was a significant breakthrough. There were six groups of investigators each working separately and independent of each other came to an amazing similar discovery of a 53 kDa protein that was seen to be inherent in the mouse cells and the human cells. Among these studies, five of them discovered the protein because it was bound to the T-antigen in SV40 infected cells hence was immunoprecipitated with antibodies secreted against the viral protein. It was also discovered that the same protein was serendipitous when an antiserum generated against a chemically induced mouse sarcoma was seen to react with a 53 kDa protein present in transformed buy not normal mouse cells. Among the noted researchers noted are Arnold Levine, William Old and David Lane who identified the p53 identified it while working at Princeton University, Sloan-Ketterin Memorial Hospital and Dundee University (UK) respectively. Before then, it had been hypothesized to be in existence as the target of the SV 40, which was a strain that initiated development of tumors. Initially, it was thought to be an encogene but the true characteristics as a tumor suppressor gene was revealed in 1989. Come 1993, the p53 was historically voted as the molecule of the year by the science magazine, making it a great breakthrough in the cancer management globally (Nature Education, 2014).
The p53 structure
The p53 is widely known to be a phosphoprotein that is composed of 393 amino acids, it has four units otherwise referred to as domains. These four domains are; the domain that recognizes specific DNA sequences (core domain), the domain that activates transcription factors, the domain that takes care of the tretramerization of the protein and lastly the domain that recognize damaged DNA like the misaligned base pairs or single-stranded DNA. The wild-type p53 is categorized...
References
Bioinformatics (2017). Primary Information of p53. Retrieved November 24, 2017 from http://www.bioinformatics.org/p53/introduction.html
Hollstein M. and Harris C.C., (1993). Clinical Implications of the p53 Tumor-Suppressor Gene. Retrieved November 23, 2017 from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199310283291807
Freed-Pastor W.A. & Prives C., (2017). Mutant p53: one name, many proteins. Retrieved November 23, 2017 from http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/26/12/1268.full
Nature Education, (2014). p53 : The Most Frequently Altered Gene in Human Cancers. Retrieved November 24, 2017 from https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/p53-the-most-frequently-altered-gene-in-14192717
Tumor Suppression Protein 53 and Effects on Cellular Function and Aging Tumor Suppression Protein 53 (P53) was originally linked to tumor proliferation and thought to be an oncogene. Research led to an understanding that P53 was in actuality a tumor suppression protein and suppression of the P52 gene is the most widely genetic defect found in tumors (Levine 1991). Further study of p53 and the family of tumor suppression genes led
Cellular Function and Aging Tumor Suppression Protein 53 and Effects on Cellular Function and Aging The concept of aging has many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that act as markers on an individual organism. Ignoring mortality associated with external environmental factors, very few organisms can be said to have cellular immortality with no decrease in cellular function or repeat division in normal diploid cells. Cellular senescence is a normal process that halts
In the tissue culture, they usually proliferate indefinitely. The normal constraints which limit the growth of the cells absent in the cancerous state and are also characterized by the division ability for number of generations which is unlimited. Cell cycle and cancer With millions of chemical reactions taking place concurrently and in specific areas, the human body can be thought of as a small laboratory. It is the only "machine" with
women living in Western society will develop breast cancer during her lifetime. Germline mutations in BRCA1, a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene, are responsible for 50% of inherited breast cancers and 90% of combined inherited breast and ovarian cancers. The BRCA1 protein, BRCA1p, is involved in many important cellular pathways, including regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, transcription, and cell proliferation. It has been shown to bind over
123). In this study, Martinez-Contreras and her associates report the results of recent research that has provided additional evidence concerning the function of these proteins in precursor-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing (2007). The splicing repression can function in two discrete ways in heterogeneous nuclear RNP proteins; the first way is by antagonizing the recognition of splice sites directly and the second way is through interference with the binding of proteins that
These proteins include homologous members of yeast. The presences of these proteins suggest that E. histolytica is skilled to perform homologous recombination, which is the same as in other organisms. DNA damage was evaluated by TUNEL assay. In yeast and in human cells, histone H2AX becomes rapidly phosphorylated when DSBs are introduced into chromatin (Lavi et al.). Studies show that histone as a protein plays a significant role in the
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now