Human Rights and Global Health
Human rights is a principle based on the belief that every person should be treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their nationality, sex, ethnicity, religion, language, or any other status. Globally, human rights drive laws and ethics in many fields, including health care. They shape our understanding of who is entitled to what kind of care, and how health systems should operate to ensure equitable access to care.
The United Nations (UN) is one of the leading international bodies responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights globally. This mandate stems from the United Nations Charter, which was signed in 1945 by the founding UN member states. The charter outlines a commitment to promoting social progress, better living standards, and human rights. One of the most significant achievements of the UN in the field of human rights was the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The UDHR outlines fundamental human rights to be universally protected, and it has served as the foundation for a growing body of international human rights law (Hannum, 1995). The rights detailed in the UDHR include both civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression, and economic, social, and cultural rights, like the right to work, the right to education, and the right to an adequate standard of living. Since then, the UN has been active in promoting global health under the banner of...
…key to achieving health equity.Structural violence theory is another social theory that sheds light on these issues. It argues that social structures and institutions can harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs (Lee, 2016). For example, if a health system is designed in a way that excludes certain ethnic groups or does not account for the cultural and religious beliefs of a particular population, this could be considered a form of structural violence.
Ultimately, the concept of human rights is deeply intertwined with health and ethics in health care. The right to health care is not universally guaranteed, in spite of the UN Declaration. Access to care is often compromised for vulnerable populations due to factors like discrimination, social exclusion, and…
References
Hannum, H. (1995). The status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in national andinternational law. Ga. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 25, 287.
Lee, B. X. (2016). Causes and cures VII: Structural violence. Aggression and ViolentBehavior, 28, 109-114.
Rahman, M., Ahmed, R., Moitra, M., Damschroder, L., Brownson, R., Chorpita, B., ... & Kumar,M. (2021). Mental distress and human rights violations during COVID-19: a rapid review of the evidence informing rights, mental health needs, and public policy around vulnerable populations. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 603875.
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