¶ … Stocks and Bonds
References to the terms "stocks" and "bonds" are frequently heard in the mainstream media and throughout the investment literature, but the terms may not be completely understood by the general public. Therefore, making the distinction between the two financial instruments by providing current working definitions and typical examples of stocks and bonds is an important enterprise. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature to develop respective definitions and examples of the terms "stocks" and "bonds," followed by a summary of the research and significant findings in the conclusion.
In corporation law, the term "stock" is used in a variety of ways. For example, according to Black's Law Dictionary, "It may mean the capital or principal fund of a corporation formed by the contributions of subscribers or the sale of shares; aggregate of a certain number of shares severally owned by the members or stockholders of the corporation or the proportional share of an individual stockholder" (1999, p. 1415). In addition, the term "stock" is used to refer to "incorporeal property which is represented by the holding of a certificate of stock in a wider and more remote sense, the right of a shareholder to participate in the general management of the company and to share proportionately in its net profits or earnings or in the distribution of assets on dissolution" (Black's, 1999, p. 1415).
As discussed further below, the term "stock" is distinguished from bonds because it specifically assigns a right of ownership and a portion of assets of corporations as well as the right to interest in any surplus that remains after the payment of debt (Black's, 1999). In this regard, Black's adds that, "Stock in a corporation is an equity and it represents an ownership interest and it is to be distinguished from obligations such as notes or bonds which are not equities and represent no ownership interest" (1999, p. 1415). In corporation law, other types of stock include holdings of equity...
In both cases, the bonds that were the most severely affected by the interest rate shocks were the longer-term maturities. A g) Even Treasury bonds are risky, because short-term fluctuations in the interest rate can impact the value of the cash flows that they are to receive. The main difference between corporate bonds and Treasury bonds is that the latter are guaranteed by the government. Thus, they are considered risk
The model assumes constant growth of dividends. The required rate of return is the discount rate. Next year's dividends are the starting point upon which the dividend growth is calculated and brought back to present value. The problem with using this model is that it assumes that the market does not ascribe any value to the potential for capital gains. Many investors seek capital gains (indeed, if stock prices
Stock Valuation The stock that I chose is PepsiCo. I was drinking a Pepsi when I was thinking about a stock to do, and it just seemed like a good idea. That is why I picked the stock, but PepsiCo (PEP on the NYSE) is a major blue chip stock so there is no reason why I shouldn't pick it. The current stock price of PepsiCo is $85.31 PepsiCo is in the
An upside gain can also be handled in that same manner, with a sell order placed above the trading price. This guarantees that the stock will automatically be sold as soon as it hits that price (if there is a buyer). Another method of purchasing or selling shares that some investors use is called the option method. This method is used to obtain the right to purchase or sell shares
Stock Valuation The stock that I have chosen is Clorox (CLX), the bleach making company. I wanted to find a company that was about as classic a case of a no growth company as possible. Most of the high profile companies in the stock exchange are fast-growing companies, to the point where even those who have a flat domestic share are trying to grow internationally. I wanted to see if there
(Vital Information for Stock Market Investors! What Every Investor Needs To Know) Regarding increases in the stock market, one has seen in the past that rises take place over a long-term, but the terms are very long. When the Dow crashed in 1929, it took 26 years to regain the ground that was lost. Again it fell to a level below 1000 in 1973 and then it took ten years
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