Lower quenching temperatures create microstructures that demonstrate a greater elasticity, with smaller and less brittle connections forming between microstructures.
12) Martensite is a high-carbon steel formed from the rapid cooling of austenite in a process that does not allow carbon to diffuse out of the heated metal. Tempered Martensite has reduced hardness but increased toughness, and the metal is partially decomposed into ferrite and cementite by the tempering process.
13) Yes; there are some limited applications where the brittleness of quench-hardened steel will not pose a significant barrier to use. In most applications, however, tempering is required after quench hardening in order to reduce brittleness and increase the toughness of the steel.
14) Furnace: All heat shields must be in place, and the area in and around the furnace must be kept clear of all dust, debris, and other equipment. Ventilation paths must be substantial and remain free from blockages, and indicators in the area should clearly show when the furnace is on. Izod Impact Testing Machine: Ensure safety is on the pendulum arm whenever first...
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