Standards-Based Assessment
Across the nation, states are setting tough new education standards, defining what students should know and be able to do. To help students meet these standards -- and to measure their progress in doing so -- states are also designing and implementing new standards-based assessment systems.States and districts use two types of interrelated standards: those that specify the content (what students should know or be able to do at different points in their education), and those that specify the academic achievement standards (how well they should be able to do it). Ideally, academic achievement standards indicate what is required to meet content standards (for example, essay, mathematical proof, scientific experiment, project or exam), as well as the quality of achievement that is deemed acceptable (for example, achieving a certain level of proficiency). This report will discusses standards-based assessments, along with the grading criteria, reporting tools, and report forms used by the colleges.
Grading criteria
Standards-based assessments compare student accomplishment to pre-established achievement goals, rather than to the achievement of other students. The standard is supposed to be absolute, independent of the proportion of students who meet it. Norm-referenced tests, in contrast, describe what students can do relative to other students. The fact that a student scores at the 60th percentile in mathematics, for example, tells us only that she fares as well as or better than 60% of her peers -- not how many mathematical skills she has mastered.. Performance is measured againt state and national standard sets.. Standard sets are sets of skill standards against which student performance is measured. For example, in the NCTM Number And Operations 9-12, a standard skill would be " develop fluency in operations with real numbers, vectors, and matrices, using mental computation or paper-and-pencil calculations for simple cases and technology for more-complicated cases."
The current focus on standards mirrors an earlier emphasis on "minimum competency,"a reform movement popular in the 1970s and '80s. Then, as now, reformers sought to improve education...
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