¶ … humans experience several stages of development throughout the lifespan. Nearly all recognize clear differences between an infant, toddler, adolescent, and adult. Although many, throughout history and the world, allege theories of human development, this phenomenon currently falls mainly within the realm of psychology. Not surprisingly, there exist many psychological theories of development, each with defining and respectable characteristics. However, two of the most well-known are those of Erik Erikson and Lawrence Kohlberg. While a cursory discussion of their complete theories of development is necessary for contextual purposes, of particular interest are their concepts regarding early adolescence. Erikson stated that humans develop through progressive psychosocial stages. Furthermore, he contended that each stage involves a conflict that one must resolve in order to proceed to the next level. In infancy, humans experience the trust vs. mistrust stage, during which time they form lasting impressions about the world; this naturally takes place through their closest relationships. During the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, the degree to which parents encourage their toddlers' emerging mobility and independence determines the level of confidence the latter possess. Preschoolers then enter the initiative vs. guilt stage wherein, if successful, they develop a sense of purpose. During the industry vs. inferiority stage, school age children increasingly master novel tasks and skills, thereby developing a feeling of competence. In adolescence, individuals experience the identity cohesion vs. role confusion stage, during which time children fashion their identity. As the name implies, the stage of intimacy vs. isolation requires young adults to develop intimate relationships. Mature adults face...
stagnation dilemma, which means they feel compelled to guide the next generation. Finally, the ego integrity vs. despair stage occurs during old age and involves an examination and evaluation of one's life experiences.
George's marriage to Ella is his second one; his first wife was from an arranged marriage in Pakistan that left him unhappy. Yet he was able to incorporate aspects of development theory within his own life to find a new wife who he is (mostly) pleased with in a Western environment, and even owns a successful fish and chips restaurant. In his romantic life and in his economic life,
Of course, Spears is still very young, and may face numerous future changes. However, at this time, she appears to have found some stability. Cognitive While Spears spent much of her early life in the public spotlight, it is actually difficult to assess her early cognitive development. This should come as no surprise when one looks at various theories of cognitive development. For example, Piaget discusses cognitive development, but all of
Self-Reflection Life development There has been a lot of focus put on the concept of life and the growth process, the development of the human mind and even the behaviors displayed as one grows and the changing patterns of the behaviors of the individual. Scholars have come up with varied explanations on what shapes behavior of people with some going for the physical contact and the physical world, while others going for
Human Development In order for me to provide my own personal view on human development and aging over the life span, I have provided a review of several key research theories pertaining to human development. My own personal model of human development is a hybrid of other prominent sociological theorists. Because it is important to consider the theoretical underpinnings of human development, I will incorporate a review of the scholarly research
Psychoanalysis offered main traditions exploring human development. Freud introduced psychosexual stages development Erikson introduced psychosocial stages development. Based information gathered weeks reading researching Brandman library formulate a 2 3-page APA style paper addressing: a. Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development and Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development promotes the concept that each person possesses a form of sexual energy from the moment when he or she
Child Development According to McGrath (2003), "In almost every case of significant adult depression, some form of abuse was experienced in childhood, either physical, sexual, emotional or, often, a combination." Child abuse can cause a wide range of deleterious effects in adulthood, impacting the ability to form healthy relationships or develop a sense of self-efficacy (Rivers, 2011). The link between child abuse and clinical problems like depression, addiction, and anxiety can
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