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Speech And Brain Research Paper

Braitenberg and Schuz (1998) stated that the average number of synaptic connections per neuron in the human cortex is approximately 10,000. This knowledge implies a huge potential for referential and recursive relationships between mental representations of elements like words and rules of syntax. Consider how the study of speech errors such as anticipation and perseveration are an important aspect of research on speech production. What is the most significant characteristic these types of speech errors reveal about the speaker's processing of intent into spoken words? Why? Language is a characteristic of humans: every normal human being speaks; animals do not (Joyshree, 2014). That is, language is limited to humans only. While other animals interact with each other through a rigid collection of symbols, no group of animals possesses human language's combinatorial conventions, wherein symbols permute into an indefinite number of combinations, all of which have determinate meanings (Joyshree, 2014).

Sequencing faults in elicited and natural speech have been used for long, for informing phonological encoding and comprehending the process through which sequential ordering in speech is attained (Wook and Melissa, 2012). In Fromkin's1971 classic paper, the actuality of phonological components like syllables, features, and phonemes based on erroneous displacements or transpositions of these components...

For instance, Fromkin maintained that syllables denoted representational units, due to the fact that when phonemes, clusters or features, were shifted or reordered from a particular target, the syllable position of the target was generally preserved. From the time of Fromkin's paper in 1971, several researchers have employed identical sequencing errors, on not just understanding linguistic components' psychological reality, but also for comprehending serial ordering methods in speech and speech plan architecture (as cited in Wook and Melissa, 2012).
Psycholinguistic speech production models have integrated numerous insights from Shattuck-Hufnagel (1979, 1983 as cited in Wook and Melissa, 2012); however, the emphasis has transferred from speech plan structures and components to elements' storage and subsequent serial retrieval. The above models hypothesize that those linguistic elements' distributed depiction and gradient initiation in the course of speech planning may cause errors in speech. Aside from giving an explanation for speech error creation and distribution in terms of psychological plausibility, network models underline speech production's dynamic nature: the models explain impacts of the past as well as future upon the present. With reference to dynamics, experts treat speech planning in the form of an incremental procedure, occurring simultaneously…

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Croot K., Claudia A., Amy H. (2010).Prosodic structure and tongue twister errors. In Wook K.C. And Melissa A.R. (2012). The distribution of speech errors in multi-word prosodic units. Laboratory Phonology. 3(1): 5 -- 26.

Joyshree S. (2014). Lack of Syntax (Recursive Abilities) in the Natural Communication of Non-human Primates. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/252113/Lack_of_Syntax_Recursive_Abilities_in_the_Natural_Communication_of_Non-human_Primates

Keating Patricia A, S. Shattuck-Hufnagel. (2002). A prosodic view of word form encoding for speech production. In Wook K.C. And Melissa A.R. (2012). The distribution of speech errors in multi-word prosodic units. Laboratory Phonology. 3(1): 5 -- 26.

Levelt Willem J.M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. In Wook K.C. And Melissa A.R. (2012). The distribution of speech errors in multi-word prosodic units. Laboratory Phonology. 3(1): 5 -- 26.
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