Special Education Budget Analysis
Special education directors/leaders must sufficiently understand the budgeting process in order to be able to explain why specific numbers have been entered in a budget. To gain some additional understanding in this area, this paper reviews the relevant literature to examine specific line items to determine the theories, legislations, and/or laws that require special educational directors/leaders to spend a certain amount of money. A discussion concerning the discussing the research-based reasoning behind selected line items of a school district budget is followed by an evaluation of those line items that are not aligned with research-based reasoning. Finally, a discussion concerning what can be done to align the items with research and legislation that meets the federal mandates for fiscal management is followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning the special education budget process in the conclusion.
Review and Analysis
A summary of legislation, laws, and research that covers the budgeting process
A seemingly bewildering array of federal and state laws have been enacted in recent years in an effort to ensure that special educational students are provided with the same educational opportunities as their nondisabled counterparts (DeNisco, 2015). The first such substantive initiative was the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 which was subsequently amended and expanded into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA (Beatty, 2013). In sum, "The central tenet of the IDEA mandates a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for students with disabilities" (Beatty, 2013, p. 530). Pursuant to the IDEA, school districts have a number of responsibilities with respect to the rights of special education learners as well as their parents, including most especially the provision of an individualized education program (or IEP) and opportunities for ensuring optimal classroom placement (Beatty, 2013).
Likewise, the U.S. Department of Education administers two federal laws, Title II of the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (formerly known as the Higher...
More importantly, our appreciative and participatory stance with our co-researchers has allowed us to witness and learn about the cutting edge of leadership work in such a way that is and feels qualitatively different from other research traditions we have used in the past, because it is built on valuing. Even though it is challenging at times (Ospina et al. 2002), our inquiry space is enhanced by our collaboration
Budget Analysis for the City of Lakeland: Executive Summary In order to understand how a new performance-based budgeting process could be utilized by the City of Lakeland, it is essentially to conduct a review of the City's Annual Budget, with a detailed description of how the budgeting process works from beginning to end. Lakeland's budgeting process is divided up into parts, with each part being designated a specific amount of time (in
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