Software Engineering
Requirements Are Volatile: Design, Resource Allocation, and Lifecyles Aren't So Flexible
For the majority of software development initiatives, bad requirements are a fact of life. Even when there is a high quality elicitation process, requirement change throughout the software lifecycle model. This is expected, if not desired to build a system that the customers wants and will use. But, it's difficult to change design and resource allocation once these have been developed based on initial requirements. And, the lifecycle model itself makes adjusting processes to accommodate new requirements difficult, even when abandoning discrete models in favor of more continuous approaches.
Bad requirements happen for many reasons. But, of all the requirements engineering processes, requirements elicitation has the highest incidence of malpractice.
Too little time is spent on elicitation and it is difficult to get customers to communicate their requirements because they either do not know what they want, are unable to fully define what they want or are unable to decide what they want. There also exists a communications barrier between systems developers and domain experts that provide the requirements. System developers do not know the terms of the domain and most domain experts are not conversant in software engineering terminology. Also, developers and customers often have different meanings for what a "requirement" is. Customers consider a requirement to be a statement of need while the developer sees a requirement as the real need of the customer that can be tested and validated. Despite the hype, formal methods have not been effective in bridging the gap between the customer and the developer.
The requirements analysis process is intended to verify the consistency and feasibility of requirements. However, technology issues often arise because of over or under analysis. Over analysis fails to set priorities for what is important and attempt to take on too broad of a scope while under analysis often takes place as a cost savings measure. Tools to support analysis have high learning curves and become shelf ware if they impose a process that is conflict with an organization's process.
Requirements management is also another source of questionable requirements.
Requirements management is meant to control change during and after the development of requirements. However, it is difficult for projects...
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