Verified Document

Sociology Of Deviance Term Paper

Deviance Quite often in our day-to-day lives we hear the word "deviance," but never truly know the concepts behind it. It is not a complicated term although it is one with many theories behind it giving a vast variety of interpretations of just what deviance is and is not. Questions arise as to its relativity. Of course, no one can proclaim deviance is not relative, as deviance is behavior that does not follow common perceptions. An important sociological concept states that people conform, or perform to societal expectation or norms (Brown, 1965). Conformity provides order in the society. Thus, when someone is doing something that the rest of society find unacceptable, or out of the ordinary, he or she is considered deviant.

One sociologist, Erdwin Pfuhl, believes that the label "deviant" depends on a group's notion of actions and conditions that should and should not occur. This view also suggests that labels of deviance can change within different societies and times. One might ask why there are so many interpretations of deviance. The answer is rather simple. Due to its relative nature, people will interpret activities quite differently (Clinard, 1998).

Functionalism is a perspective advocated by such famous sociologists as Merton and Durkheim, viewing deviance as a clarification of moral boundaries, affirmation of norms, and promoter of social unity and social change. Merton's strain theory states that members of a society are socialized to desire certain goals, but many people are unable to achieve these goals in socially acceptable or legitimate ways. Sociologists, Cloward and Ohlin, address illegitimate opportunity structures and state that when legitimate means to achieving goals are not accessible to some members of society, the seek out illegitimate opportunity structures as a way of achieving goals (Turner,...

In other words, while people who practice religions or philosophies believe they are doing so because it is the true religion, Durkheim sees the religion as fulfilling a social function. Durkheim observed that a believer is stronger and feels within himself a force that can endure things that are put forth in life (Jones, 1986). Durkheim saw religious beliefs as away to a way to dodge being labeled deviant. Durkheim was also aligned with William James who suggested that religious beliefs rested upon real experiences (1986). Durkheim also believed that religion was necessary. It is difficult for a society to live through "transition" and "moral mediocrity" as he has described in some of his work (1986). Even in Suicide his theory stated that religious people are less prone to particular deviant activity. Durkheim also relied on his theory of Anomie to explain a great deal of deviant behavior.
Anomie draws upon the notion that the fragmenting effect of modern industry, village, kinship, and social authority, leaves a society without a set structure of norms. The widespread chaos may cause a break down of existing norms: it further reduces an individual's sense of belonging (Sev'er, 1993). The original definition of Anomie included the idea of social isolation and disorganization, but Merton limited the concept to certain types of social disorganization (1993). Although Merton proposed this view as a general theory, later sociologists have attempted to redefine the concept (1993). A more modern advocate of the Anomie, is Alain Touraine, a well know contemporary sociologist who has written on a wealth of subjects; synthesized in his writings is the concept of Anomie. He states that student protest during the 1960's and…

Sources used in this document:
Labeling theory looks at the reaction of others and the subsequent effects of such reactions, which create deviance ("Labeling," 1997). When it becomes know that a person has engaged in deviant behavior, he or she is segregated from the larger society and labeled with names such as: "whore," "thief," "abuser," and "junky" (1997).

In looking at this perspective today, one can see hoe social reaction is key to labeling. Women who had sex before marriage in the 1950's, where considered "wild." It was such a label that was attached and considered deviant. Today, because there are not many single adult women who remain virgins until the day of their wedding, the term "wild" does not carry the weight it once did. While some labels are obsolete, other labels are very much in vogue.

Criminologists decided to look into family trees to
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Deviance Historical Records Deviance Is the Violation
Words: 1411 Length: 5 Document Type: Essay

DEVIANCE Historical Records Deviance is the violation of social norms. Norms are codes of ethics that act as guidance to people on how to live their lives. According to William Somner, there are three types of norms; Folkways are what a society considers being right with regard to culture and tradition. Issues like dressing, mannerisms are in this category. Different cultures and people have their own guidelines on dressing and etiquette. Violations

Deviance Among Canadian Youths Deviation Refers to
Words: 957 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Deviance Among Canadian Youths Deviation refers to the violation of the acceptable norms and values that have maintained within the cultural framework of a society. Norms are very important in every society since they allow the people of a given society to coexist with one another, and create the best environment for human living. The Canadian society like other societies is guided by certain norms and values, which are useful for

Deviance in Society the Sociology
Words: 2786 Length: 6 Document Type: Essay

For example, the young woman knows it is wrong because her friends have spoken to her in the past about how awful stealing is. They have seen her steal before and told her that she is wrong. Among her friends, she is known as a thief. Deviance here has less to do with self-determination than the judgment of others. It is this external judgment of the audience that acts

Deviance and Social Control Deviance
Words: 1002 Length: 3 Document Type: Term Paper

Some examples of deviance that might be used to describe this type of challenge to the social order would be events like the Boston Tea Party, or the multitude of Vietnam War protests, one resulted in the development of the independence of the U.S. And the other ended compulsory military service in the U.S. (O'Neill, 1986, p. 350) Social control is defined as the ways in which our companions in

Deviance in Modern Society Defining Deviance in
Words: 911 Length: 3 Document Type: Term Paper

Deviance in Modern Society Defining Deviance in Society All human beings are socialized by their respective societies. That means they learn what sorts of behaviors are expected and what kinds of behaviors are considered immoral, unacceptable or inappropriate. Generally, the socialization process teaches all members of the society about the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors are considered "normal" within that society. Not all individuals necessarily adhere to all of those societal norms.

Sociology: Deviant Behavior 'Instead of Fighting Deviance,
Words: 629 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Sociology: Deviant Behavior 'Instead of Fighting Deviance, Americans Just Get Used to It" an Analysis According to the article "Instead of Fighting Deviance, Americans Just Get Used to It" Richard Starr suggests that deviance has become so much the norm that people in America are becoming desensitized to it. Starr begins with a re-cap of two news stories which tell of injuries to children wounded by gunfire and another of police breaking

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now