Biology establishes only very general gender-specific natural tendencies and behavioral differences; society further shapes the outward expression of those biological differences into more particular gender-based behavioral expression. However, cultural influences account for the precise way those tendencies manifest themselves in the specific behavior among individuals within social groups. Within Latino cultures, for example, over-idealization of the mother figure often conflicts with the male acknowledgement of female sexuality in a manner that affects marriage negatively (Abreu, Goodyear, Campos, et al., 2000).
Specifically, the so-called "whore-Madonna" complex makes it difficult for many men to reconcile their contradictory views of women in such a way that they cannot perceive their wives as both sexual beings and good mothers to their children. In many ways, this explains the comparative greater frequency of male infidelity being perceived as an excusable manner of fulfilling a need rather than a violation of marital values within certain cultures (Abreu, Goodyear, Campos, et al., 2000). While biology is undoubtedly responsible for a large part of the apparent differences in the respective patterns of extramarital sexuality between the genders, it is social learning and internalized cultural values that determines the typical patterns of their expression.
Married non-Latino males also engage in extramarital sex more frequently than females, but generally, by virtue of the spontaneous sexual urges to which all males are more susceptible than females, or as a reflection of marital problems. Married Latino males tend to engage in extramarital affairs more because of culturally learned values that conflict with their ability to seek sexual fulfillment from their wives without diminishing their respect for her in her maternal role (Abreu, Goodyear, Campos, et al., 2000).
Whereas the gender-based behavioral difference in other animal species are exclusively explained by biology and experience, in humans, biology and personal experience provide mere starting points for social learning. The largest determinant of gender expression in humans is social learning and the internalization of cultural values and beliefs to which every individual is exposed throughout his life.
References Abreu, Jose M.; Goodyear, Rodney K.; Campos, Alvaro; Newcomb, Michael D. "Ethnic Belonging and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Among African-Americans, European-Americans, and Latinos." Psychology of Men and Masculinity 1, no. 2 (2000): 75-86.
Bruch, Monroe A. "Shyness and Toughness: Unique and Moderated Relations With Men's Emotional Inexpression." Journal of Counseling Psychology 49, no. 1 (2002): 28-34.
Efthim, Paul W.; Kenny, Maureen E.; and Mahalik, James R. "Gender Role Stress in relation to Shame, Guilt, and Externalization." Journal of Counseling and Development 79, no. 4 (2001): 430-438.
Gerrig, Richard J., Zimbardo, Philip G. (2005)
Psychology and Life 18th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Henslin, James M. (2002) Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Macionis, John J. (2003) Sociology 9th Edition. New…
Theory Development Nature and Use of Theory in Academic Research Corley and Gioia (2001) call theory the, "currency of our scholarly realm" (p. 12). The authors further explain that theoretical contribution is a requirement for a manuscript to be considered for publication. It appears that all scholarly writing hinges on the theoretical worthiness of the material. Corley and Gioia defined theory as a statement of concepts and their interrelationships that together, demonstrate
Group Develoment Theory of Group Development Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavior Therapy is one of the group development theories or models that are used in today's societies and institutions. The validity of making and developing groups is geared towards equitable management of the available group and behavior of people within an institution or place of work. According to Cognitive Behavior Therapy, group development is a lucrative endeavor that has to be worked
Theoretical Thinking Truth is a concept that can be subjectively interpreted based on the individual's experiences and social realities. This is because truth is associated with an individual's continuous search for knowledge; thus, as an individual obtains knowledge in his/her experiences, s/he learns to discriminate information that may be considered as true or false for him/her. In effect, truth is defined as the any information or event experienced and encountered by
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: Nursing can be described as a science and practice that enlarges adaptive capabilities and improves the transformation of an individual and the environment. This profession focuses on promoting health, improving the quality of life, and facilitating dying with dignity. The nursing profession has certain theoretical foundations that govern the nurses in promoting adaptation for individuals and groups. These theoretical foundations include theories, theory integration, reflection, research and
Theories Sociology has been defined s the scientific study of human interaction and, as such, is accepted as a scientific activity (Leming 1997). Social science aims at discovering and explaining observed events of and in nature by means of a framework that can be tested. The goal of sociology is, therefore, to produce a body of knowledge that will provide not only an understanding of the causal processes influencing human behavior
Individuals can find some sanctuary in the diverse population of urban areas. Unlike small family groups, which enforce social restrictions much tighter, larger urban areas give their inhabitants more freedom to explore diverse paths without fear of judgment or social outcast. More subgroups within a population lead to more individual exploration with fewer worries than lesser populated areas. Works Cited Coser, Lewis a. "Georg Simmel: Biographical Information." 1977. Sociology in Switzerland.
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now