"Yafe-Yanai (2001)
According to Clark and Horan (2001): Scientists also agree that parents are the single most influential factor in the career development and choice of their children. [Schulenberg et al. 1984; Seligman et al. 1991; as cited by Clark and Horan [2001]} Parents have so much influence due to the fact that the experiences and environments of the stages of growth during what is termed the "impressionable years" of the child's life. Bandura, et al. 2001 writes that: "Parental influence on children's academic development has been extensively research but how parents affect their children's career development has received little attention despite its centrality to the paths their children's lives will take. In the second pattern of influences in the structural model, parents exert their effort on career choice and development mainly through their impact on their children's self-efficacy appraisals, educational aspirations, and scholastic achievement."
Functioning within a family is inclusive of the factors of parental support and guidance along with positive or negative influences in the environment and in the interaction styles in the family (Altman, 1997) In fact, family functioning influencing career development more so than family structure, size, or the educational and occupational status of the parents (Fisher and Griggs, 1994 as cited by Kerka (2001). In a study conducted in relation to parenting and career Development Sandra Kerka (2001) states that Researchers have studied the influence of parents and the family on children's career development and such factors as socioeconomic status, parents' educational and occupational attainment, and cultural background. This Digest highlights a different body of research that considers the effects of the family relationships." Stated implications in the research "demonstrates the strong influences that parenting behavior and family functioning have on career development. The findings suggest that career counselor and career educators should:
1. Shift the focus from the individual to the family system.
2. Develop a new a richer way of parental involvement.
3. Help Families become more proactive; and 4. Consider ways of duplicating helpful types of family functioning in the schools, especially for children whose families are not proactive.
Childhood experiences (both positive and negative) and familial heritage have a major influence on vocational choices. People choose an occupation that enables them to replicate significant childhood experiences, satisfy needs that were unfulfilled in their childhood, and actualize dreams passed on to them by their familial heritage (Pines & Yanai, 2000; Yanai & Pines, 2) The tendency to choose a particular occupation, the internal permission to choose according to this preference and to function successfully as a professional all depend on the relationships with key people, especially the parents, during childhood and also on the career choices of these key people. Yafe-Yanai (2001) The concept of social character is a key concept for the understanding of the social process. Character in the dynamic sense of analytic psychology is the specific form in which human energy is shaped by the dynamic adaptation of human needs to the particular mode of existence of a given society. Further states Fromm: "However with the new tools of observation that psychoanalysis offers, we can recognize that so-called rational behavior is largely determined by the character structure. In our discussion of the meaning of work for modern man we have dealt with an illustration of this point. We saw that the intense desire for unceasing activity was rooted in aloneness and anxiety. This compulsion to work differed from the attitude towards work in other cultures, where people worked as much as it was necessary but where they were not driven by additional forces within their own character structure." Also stated by Fromm is that: "As we have seen, once certain needs have developed in a character structure, any behavior in line with these needs is at the same time satisfactory psychologically and practical from the standpoint of material success. As long as a society offers the individual those two satisfactions simultaneously, we have a situation where the psychological forces are cementing the social structure."
From agrees with Freud stating that: "What we have just said also holds true for one particular sector of the whole educational process: the family." Fromm informs the reader that it was shown by Freud that the child's early experiences have a most decisive influence upon the character structure formation...
Social work acquires its name by virtue of its responsibilities. The profession is entrusted by society to look at how individuals are affected by their environment, how they interact and are affected by their community, and at how individuals are influenced by social institutions. These are important responsibilities and it is important that the profession keep its eye on its responsibilities (Howe, 1994). Too often the profession's clients are victims of
Social work played a role in these processes in different ways, based on the existing perception about women and femininity. The profession itself has a range of ideological origins. Some people suggest that it is a continuance of the benevolent and charitable traditions linked to the functions of various Churches; others search for its roots in social movements, especially in the labor agencies and the women's movement. Various welfare regimes
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Social Work Identify observable characteristics of a life transition in the life of young people leaving care? Significant influencing factors determining the process and. their implication for social work practice? Characteristics of a life transition observable in young people leaving care vary from person to person, and must be understood within a cultural context. The parameters of what constitutes a normative life transition are flexible. The timing of life transitions in young
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