video games in the life of the student. The problem with the Likert Scale is that Thurstone Scale 1) I like video games. Agree Disagree 2) I play video games everyday. Agree Disagree 3) I play video games online Agree Disagree 4) I play video games with friends online. Agree Disagree 5) I play video games after school. Agree Disagree 6) I play video games before doing homework. Agree Disagree 7) I play video games while doing homework. Agree Disagree Guttman Scale (Based on 7 Criteria Above) Respondent Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 1 2 3 4 The key to

social science research are qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research is believed to operate from a subjective, constructionist view of reality, whereas quantitative research operates from an objective, positivist viewpoint of the world. There has been quite a bit of debate over the merits of each of these approaches, often with one paradigm belittling the assumptions of the other. The current literature review explores the philosophical foundations of

Steps in Content Analysis: There are ten steps in content analysis including: (1) copying and reading the transcript and making notes where pertinent information is located: (2) reviewing notes and making a list of the various information types located; (3) reading the list and categorizing each item and providing a description for what information has been identified; (4) identification of whether the categories are potentially linked and then listing the

Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Research Methodology In the field of social science research, research methodologies were formulated to generate data that would appropriately answer research objectives either through the quantitative or qualitative paradigms. It is known among researchers that there is no lone research methodology that can adequately provide data and answer a research objective single-handedly; it takes a combination of two or more methodologies to provide an almost valid

Social Advocacy in Counseling Social advocacy has been described by some counseling theorists as a "fifth force" paradigm that should be considered to rival if not replace other major counseling psychology paradigms regarding behavior and mental illness (Ratts, 2009). This paper briefly discusses what social justice/advocacy is, the debate regarding its status as a paradigm in counseling psychology, and how social advocacy can enhance both the client's experience and life and

structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project -- the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment -- work together to try to address the central research. Creating an effective research design is likely to be one of the most difficult and eminently useful tasks in drafting a proposal. An effective research design links abstract and stylized concepts