Social Marginalization by Race: Economic Deprivation and White American Resistance in the Ballot or the Bullet by Malcolm X
The rigorous history of African-Americanism and their emancipation within the American society reflects the struggles and perpetuation of discrimination among black Americans even during the 20th century. Malcolm X, considered one of the most radical and influential leader of the black American civil rights movement, centers on the issues of discrimination and white American resistance among the blacks in his famous discourse, The Ballot or the Bullet, delivered in April 3, 1964.
The relevance and significance of Malcolm X's discourse must be put into context in the events happening during his time. Historically, the socio-political landscape of the United States during the 1960s is characterized by the emergence and development of the civil rights movement for the marginalized sectors of the society, such as the youth, women, poor, and particularly, African-Americans. Furthermore, it is also important to note that Malcolm X's speech was delivered at the height of the civil rights movement, where the black Americans has just received the legal right to vote, despite strong opposition from the white Americans. Thus, in The Ballot or the Bullet, he talks about the continuing prevalence of black American discrimination and prejudice in the country, despite its success in providing its people with rights equal to that of a white American. In the speech, Malcolm X identifies the U.S. government as the 'hypocrite' and true oppressor of the black Americans, discriminating them through economic deprivation and establishment of white resistance in the American society. In effect, two emerging themes develop within Malcolm X's discourse, and these themes are identified as the main causes of the speaker's staunch demand for violence or "the bullet" over "the ballot: (1) the increasing fear of white Americans in growing unrest among black Americans; and (2) the developing...
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