¶ … simultaneously considered. In this way matters pertaining novelty, contribution, and contemporary interest will be integrated with rules of sampling, observational recording, statistical assumptions, interviewing techniques, and mathematical procedures. Theory and method should in practice be highly interrelated (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007). Theories without methodological implications are more of idle speculation with minimal empirical import. Methods without theoretical backing can be sterile representing technical sophistication in isolation. Methods generate data that is used to test the plausibility or validity of theories (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007).
The interplay between theory and data follows a prescribed sequence beginning with identification of a problem that is of interest to an identifiable research community followed by posing of specific research questions or hypothesis that rest on theoretical resources that a given research community possesses (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007). After this, appropriate research strategies are spelled out based on either or both deductive or inductive logic. Qualitative or quantitative measures are chosen and put to work. Data is then compiled and analyzed. Method generates and shapes theory. Empirical studies generate data that is used in the theorizing process thereby allowing a study to progress as a cognitive or sense making venture that unfolds over time (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007).
Theory drives method through its level of analysis, its stage of articulation, type of constructs it proposes, and its descriptive or prescriptive nature. Theory informs research design, choice of measures, and samples. Method helps to develop and enhance theory development (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007).
A study that pays too much attention to t available or potentially available data is more likely to be trapped by operations. This potentially stifles theorizing. A study that, nevertheless, pays no attention to data makes the whole process of theorizing remote (Maanen, Sorensen, & Mitchell, 2007). The key here is to strike a balance...
Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) Violations as they Pertain to the Case of Sonya An educational institution's principal greatly influences the learning/teaching of every student within the school, for better or for worse. Studies have found that principals' approach to their post, and its eventual effect on enrolled pupils, is dependent upon their style of leadership. Some styles prove to have more benefits for pupils than others. An especially vulnerable
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Figure 1 portrays three of the scenes 20/20 presented March 15, 2010. Figure 1: Heather, Rachel, and Unnamed Girl in 20/20 Program (adapted from Stossel, 2010). Statement of the Problem For any individual, the death of a family member, friend, parent or sibling may often be overwhelming. For adolescents, the death of person close to them may prove much more traumatic as it can disrupt adolescent development. Diana Mahoney (2008), with the
Strategic Diversity Management Diversity management is a stratagem which contributes actively in encouraging the conception, recognition and implementation of diversity in the operations of different corporations and institutions. This whole notion has its roots in the idea that diversity is the only means of enriching lives of innumerable people by ensuring equal rights, positive behaviour and a fair attitude to all and sundry. Individuals are often dissimilar in terms of age
Ethics and Investigation: The Use of Deception The following study identifies the ethical codes of conduct required in any form of service especially in the government and ways it can be breached. The particular situations under which such codes are violated include during criminal investigations and interrogations. This is discussed alongside the debate on whether it is ethically correct to use deception and lies during investigations. Finally, the paper gives a
The third position means stepping outside the situation and seeing issues from the point-of-view of a third party. NLP reminds us that people receive information in various sensory channels: the visual, the auditory, the kinaesthetic (perception of movement of effort) and the digital mathematical or reasoned thinking (Taylor, 2000). The idea being that people use all of these modes, but may have a preferred mode. Ethnographic approach: this takes its
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