Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Functioning Among Schizophrenia Patients The researchers began this research with the premise that there may be gender-based difference in cognition among schizophrenia patients, though they acknowledged that prior research gave conflicting information about which results to expect. Some prior researchers had found that male schizophrenia patients experienced greater levels of cognitive impairment than female schizophrenia patients, while other studies had found no gender-based difference in cognitive functioning. Regardless of level of cognitive impairment, women with schizophrenia are much more likely to have positive outcomes than men with schizophrenia. This is an interesting issue, because there is an established difference in cognition in healthy men and women. Specific neurocognitive deficits appear to impact community functioning, which is one of the significant impairments experienced by schizophrenia patients attempting to interact with the outside world. In prior studies, community functioning was determined to be related to verbal memory, verbal fluency, and executive functioning, and other areas where healthy women tend to outperform healthy men. In fact, the researchers acknowledged that healthy men tend to outperform women in tests requiring visuospatial skills, while women tend to perform better than men on tests of verbal abilities. Despite these known existing differences in the healthy population, prior examinations of cognitive differences in male and females with schizophrenia have assumed the same baseline starting point for...
The group was unequally composed of men and women, with 56 men and 38 women. Everyone in the experimental group was on antipsychotic medication and stable at the time of the experiment. The control group was 62 healthy adults, equally composed of 31 men and 31 women. Both groups were given a wide variety of neuropsychological tests that assessed their cognitive abilities, including: auditory attention (Digit Span forward and Spatial Span forward), abstraction (Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test: categories and perserverative errors), inhibition (Trail-Making Test Part B / Stroop Colour-Word Test), fluency (Design Fluency / Verbal Fluency Test: semantic and phonological), verbal learning and memory (Word List Learning Test: learning on fifth presentation, immediate free recall, immediate cued recall, delayed free recall, delayed cued recall, recognition), visual memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test: immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition), working memory (Digit Span backward and Spatial Span backward), visuospatial skills (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test copy / Hooper Visual Organization Test), and psychomotor speed (Trail-Making Test Part A).
Given that schizophrenia is known to impact cognitive functioning, it is no surprise that the results demonstrated significant impairment in all cognitive domains except for psychomotor speed. Furthermore, there were gender differences in both the experimental and control groups; both healthy and schizophrenic and healthy women outperformed men in verbal learning and memory. While the findings reaffirmed the researchers' expectations, the research could have some implications for future research as
Adult Children of Alcoholic Parents Compared with Adult Children of Non-Alcoholic Parents I Situations Faced by Children of Alcoholic Parent(s) II Behavior of Children with Alcoholic Parent(s) II Hypothesis #2 I The Possibility of Developing Alcoholism on ACOA's II ACOA's have Lower Self-Esteem Compared to Non-ACOA's Comparing the Differences Between ACOAs and Non-ACOAs in Terms of Social and Intimate Relationships IV Protective Factors For Resiliency I Participants II Instruments Annotated Bibliography Children of Alcoholics Screening Test Are You an Alcoholic? Intimate Bond Measure Emotional
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to
Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III) This is a paper that reports and critiques the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III). It has sources in APA format. Standardized testing has become a norm for structuring studies on human behaviors. Studies on cognitive abilities, performance, behavior pattern as well as memory testing all have a great deal of dependence on the choice of the kind of tests adopted and the validity of the test is
32) The overall diagnostic and symptomatic patterns described by these points indicate that BPD is a serious disorder and is "...classified as a major personality disorder involving dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; intense, unstable moods and relationships; chronic anger; and substance abuse." (Boucher, 1999, p. 33) There are a number of criteria which, in line with DSM-IV, are used to identify and characterize this disorder. The first of these criteria refers
The subjects were 613 injured Army personnel Military Deployment Services TF Report 13 admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center from March 2003 to September 2004 who were capable of completing the screening battery. Soldiers were assessed at approximately one month after injury and were reassessed at four and seven months either by telephone interview or upon return to the hospital for outpatient treatment. Two hundred and forty-three soldiers
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now