Every educational institution and population presents unique characteristics and requirements that make even the most comprehensive prior research incomplete in terms of the actual advisability of implementing changes in that educational environment (Lloyd, 2005).
Summative Evaluation
Summative evaluation must begin from the moment of initial implementation (IRI, 2008). It should cover both the immediate apparent response of and effect on learners as well as the apparent efficacy and appropriateness of the operational approach implemented by teachers initially. The former allows teachers to gauge, in real time, the degree to which the new changes seem to be received by students and the degree to which they seem to benefit their teaching objectives and learning outcomes. Sometimes, that process allows educators to identify practical difficulties and complications in their chosen methods of delivery that might not have been anticipated prospectively. Other times, that process allows educators to identify problems, deficiencies, and complications from the perspective of learners that suggest possible solutions and changes capable of resolving those problems and increasing the value of the new initiatives to learners (IRI, 2008; Lloyd, 2005).
Formative
As important as summative evaluation of the new educational processes is, it cannot replace the value of effective formative evaluation (IRI, 2008). First, summative evaluation is...
328). Smith boils it down to two main concerns (pitfalls) and objections to the use of secondary data in social research: a) "It is full of errors"; and b) "…because of the socially constructed nature of social data, the act of reducing it to a simple numeric form cannot fully encapsulate its complexity" (p. 328). The author offers the national Census as a perfect example of the limitations of using
Unlike primary data that are time-consuming, the secondary data is less time consuming, and a research could collect secondary data to answer the research questions as well as achieving research objectives. Boslaug (2007) argues that the economy is the major advantage of secondary data. Since data have already been collected by another researcher, a researcher does not need to devote his/her resources to collect the data. More importantly, the
secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search. Primary sources may include actual documents from the historical period being researched or hard data derived from experiments. The distinctive characteristic of primary research is that it has "not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based. They are usually the first formal appearance of results in physical, print or electronic format. They
Communication by Nurses in the ICU What are the concepts of the study addressed in the Literature Review? In this article, there are no discussions made on the previous studies that were conducted on the research concepts. Moreover, it does not have a literature review section. Recorded information on the document relates to what two nurses reported especially when working as translators and this showed they were able to communicate more or
Complexities and Simplicities of Research Whether an academic or a working professional, research is often the primary objective of one's daily activity. Research not only imparts knowledge, but also allows one to understand how things work better, whether complex or simple, and present this information to bosses, professors, etc. thereby allowing these individuals to also broaden their knowledge and move the world forward. Research is thus very important. This paper
Social Research Define "Research" Social Research process Practice of Social Research Potential area for Growth, Development, and Learning Define "Research": The process of research is scientific and systematic in order to obtain new facts and findings for a specific subject. It is also regarded as a systematic approach towards gaining knowledge. The inquest wasted in human nature is the primary reason for conducting research to find the desired information (May, 2011). The research activity is academic
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now