S. DOE 2009). Advantages of receiving funding at the state level are increased localization and attention to differences in districts (U.S. DOE 2009). Disadvantages, however, are that the state is subject to even more extreme budgetary and taxation fluctuations, leading to uncertain funding year-to-year (Galvin & Robbins 2000).
Supplementing vs. Supplanting
One of the major requirements of both federal and much state funding is that the dollars obtained through these sources must supplement existing programs and funding and cannot simply supplant them (UD DOE 2009; NCLB 2002). A simplified hypothetical example provides what is perhaps the best illustration of this policy. Assume that federal funds are obtained for the purposes of training teachers, but the school and/or district that is receiving the federal funding perceives a much greater need to obtain additional classroom space. The district/school is not permitted to reduce its current spending on teacher training based on the receipt of federal funds, and to sue that money to procure extra classroom space. This would, in effect, mean that federal funding for teach training supplanted -- that is, replaced -- local funding for the same project, rather that supplementing -- adding to -- the already available funding in order make the program better.
The implications of this standard are fairly evident, and serve to exacerbate the previously mentioned disadvantages of federal funding. In addition to the strict requirements set for the allocation and use of federal funds in public schools, the schools must also carefully monitor any shifts in their own spending habits, and are not supposed to allow federal funding to affect their overall budget allocations. This means that for programs going under-funded at the local level and for which federal dollars are not available, there is little to be done. If schools or districts are thought to be inappropriately using federal finds by supplanting rather than supplementing their own funding efforts, there are funding consequences (U.S. DOE 2009; NCLB 2002). This makes...
In suburban areas, on the other hand, the economic opportunities are diverse and the population is less dense. Here parents are motivated to educate their child and the child gets higher individual attention from the teachers than those in the urban areas where population density is very high (Broomhall and Johnson, 1994; and Hanson and Ginsburg, 1988). Since educational aspirations of parents, students and teachers differ by population density
School Voucher System School voucher grants by the governments serve the purpose of improving educational standard of the children who belong to low-income families. This system is aimed to provide school tuition that can be paid to both public and private schools. The inspiration behind school vouchers system is to present to parents an open choice of educational institutions and approaches for their children. Another idea behind this system is to
He also asserts that government participation in the arts beyond its role as a consumer can pose significant hindrances to the artistic processes. He claims that politics tends to "seek stability, compromise, and consensus," and as a result avoids supporting art that may "offend majority opinion or go over its head" (38). The market, on the other hand, has "liberated artists…from the potential tyranny of mainstream market taste" (23). Is
School Choice Throughout the nation the American public has clamored for school change and reform. One of the alternatives that has moved to the forefront of the arena is the ability of parents to choose the public school that their children will attend without geographic boundaries and mandates. Experts continue to debate whether or not school choice ability will force the hand of the public school system to make the desired changes.
Student Body Size on School Costs and Academic Performance in Mississippi High Schools One of the most heated point of contention within school districts currently is the variable effects of school size, school funding and student performance. There are costs and benefits associated with school size and especially class size and those issues effect school funding, as it is largely accepted that less schools, therefore larger schools equals less cost
School Choice Program This study aimed to determine the impact of school choice through a comparative study of two private schools, which serve primarily, or exclusively African-American students, and a public school. Data in student achievement in math and reading and data on student attendance were used to determine the impact of choosing a school. Qualitative data derived from interviews with administrators and faculty as well as classroom observation were used to
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