Consolidation of Public Schools
The American public school system was revolutionized sometime in the middle of the 20th century in a rather conspicuous way. The school system in many parts of the US were small entities run by communities as recently as the 1930s. Most of these institutions only acquired the services of a single teacher. In the subsequent four decades, the number of schools in the US reduced by over 100 000. Approximately two thirds of the existing schools were integrated under the consolidation program (Berry, 2006). The average size of schools increased five times in the short span. Increasingly, school districts became professional entities overseen by professionals. Some of these bureaucracies were in charge of huge numbers of students. Some handled several hundreds of thousands of students. Consolidation and closure of schools is a process for the long-term because it is complex. Owing to social and cultural policy differences, the consolidation resulted in a number of varying characteristics in different school districts. Indeed, the consolidation adopted reflects a number of differing characteristics. Depending on the implementation approach, the consolidation may be split into several sections, i.e. amalgamation, crossover, annexation or centralization-decentralization.
Definition of Consolidation
Researchers apply a range of terms to describe consolidation. It is the merging of a number of attendance areas to constitute a larger school entity (Fitzwater, 1953). In his view, reorganization refers the to the process of combining two or more schools that were previously independent districts into a fresh and larger school arrangement (p. 4). Kansas chose to refer to the schools that were consolidated as unification. The reorganized school entities were referred to as unified school districts, and not reorganized schools or consolidated districts.
Although there is varying terminology used by the researchers and bureaucrats, most communities still refer to the schools as consolidated schools. The media, policy makers and other stakeholders consistently try to remind the public of the differences...
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