¶ … role in any process of enquiry that is undertaken to arrive at the truth, a sound argument or an objective opinion. In fact, good critical thinking is conceptualized as: distinguishing between verifiable facts and value statements; distinguishing relevant from irrelevant reasons; determining the factual accuracy of statements and the credibility of sources; identifying ambiguous statements and unstated assumptions; detecting bias; identifying logical fallacies; and determining the overall strength of an argument or conclusion (Duplass & Ziedler, cited Beyer, 2002). Thus, it is evident that learning to recognize and avoid logical fallacies is vital to the process of critical thinking. It is the objective of this paper to discuss the significance of three such logical fallacies: personal attack; two wrongs make a right; and red herring. The fallacy of personal attack also referred to more formally as argumentum ad hominem, is a popular tactic that is often used to deny the logical force of an argument by attacking the person who advances the argument. This is usually done by deploying one of three variants: (1) abusive, (2) circumstantial, and (3) tu quoque. The first, or abusive variant, is a head-on personal attack, which undermines the opponent's credibility through portraying her or him as dishonest or incompetent. The second, or circumstantial variant is a tactic that points out special circumstances, which suggest that the opponent's arguments are tailored to protect her or his self-interests. The third, or tu quoque variant, uses past precedents to point out an inconsistency in the positions...
This may be an inconsistency in the standpoint the opponent defends or attacks, or a discrepancy between a standpoint verbally expressed by the opponent and other behavior. The latter is a tactic that is often used when the accuser is guilty of the same practices criticized in the opponent (Blair et.al., 1996, p. 65-66).
In this particular instance, while under the impression that the expression 'Gros' denoted double packs, not as the objective term signified the amount o "12 x 12," a teacher reportedly ordered toilet paper on behalf of her school. "Her order of 'Gros' those objectively meant 3600 packs of toilet paper instead of 50. The action of a supplier for the prize of 3600 pacts of toilet paper failed because
The chronological order of the seasons is used by the fashion industry to plan and market clothing appropriate to the season, while detectives use the five Ws to investigate crimes, and philosophers use both the causal and logical orders to explore moral and ethical issues. Of course, much of human thinking is guided by the scientific order of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and validation (Kirby & Goodpaster, 1999, p. 122-3). Orderly
Auditing; Topic: Materiality in Auditing With respect to the field of auditing, materiality is a critically important concept addressing the significance of discrepancies, amounts, and transactions. Specific materiality guidelines are required in accounting practices to avoid judgmental (legal) decisions. Materiality is applied for most, if not all, economic decisions, and the topic of materiality is not a new issue. Disclosures in re financial statements have been emphasized by courts in
systematic and rigorous process of enquiry, which aims to describe phenomena and to develop and test explanatory concepts and theories. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to a scientific body of knowledge. It aims to improve health, health outcomes, and health services (Bowling, 2002, p. 1). Health research has been de-ned in relation to health generally. As well as having an emphasis on health services, it has an important role
Libraries Changing Role of Libraries Changing Role of Libraries in Today's Society Changing Role of Libraries in Today's Society Changing Role of Libraries in Today's Society From the time when the recorded history began, all kinds of artifacts of symbolic, religious, social, and educational have been assembled together and protected in the libraries in the form of books and documents. Sumerians were the one who developed and brought into actual formation of a library.
Personal Reflection What makes a good role model and how would I ensure that I acted as a role model for employees I supervise? A role model is someone who others look up to and provides inspiration. In my opinion the most important quality of a person who can be a good role model is his ability to handle stress positively. People have to deal with stress constantly and a role model
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