(Himes R.)
The Particular Movement was founded by Henry Jacob (1563-1624). Although he never in fact became a Baptist his views strongly influenced the development of the Separatist Movement. Jacob also attempted to reform the Church of England rather than condemning the Church outrightly. At this time there was a distinct and sharp difference between the particular and general Baptists.
Being stern Calvinists, the Particular Baptists reject any relationship with John Smyth, or the early General Baptists who advocated Arminian or "free will" theology with its popish overtones. The early Particular Baptists rejected any historical relationship with John Smyth and his movement. Some early Baptist authors even postulated a historical tradition in Britain dating as far back as the New Testament. (ibid)
However scholars also point out that the distinction between General and Particular Baptists was not a critical division but rather a difference in point-of-view which did not divide the Baptist movement.
Yes, it is true that the two groups held differing views on atonement and doctrine in general, but they did not divide. Rather, they emerged as two separate groups. As with the General Baptists, the Particular Baptists came out of the Separatist movement. (a Primer on Baptist History) it has also been asserted that modern Baptists Churches have theoir origins in the Particular movement rather than in the General. (ibid)
The issue of baptism was also to prove a contentious but central issue in the creation of the Baptist ethos. For the later Separatist movements only a "valid' church could administer a baptism that could be considered authentic. The earlier view that baptism was valid even if the Church itself was seen to be corrupt was challenged by the later Separatists. "This view would gradually changed among later Separatist congregations that would question or reject all baptisms even their own." (English Dissenters) the issue of infant baptism becomes a highly contentious issue in many English congregations during the seventeenth century.
The first Baptist Church congregations were established by Separatists who had to feel to Holland in 1608. These congregations were comprised of English people under the guidance of John Smyth and Thomas Helwys. Their objective was to "reconstitute' and not just 'reform' the Church." (Traffanstedt C)
There was emphasis placed on personal conversion and on baptism, which was to be given to individuals who had personally professed faith in Jesus Christ, that is, to believers only and on mutual covenanting between and among believers.
4. Conclusion: different views.
The General Baptists experienced numerous doctrinal problems during the Seventeenth Century; even questioning the deity of Christ. As a result...
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