¶ … rise of Hindu Fundamentalism
At the turn of the century, religious fundamentalism has emerged as a well-known trend; a custom of mind found within religious communities and paradigmatically incarnated in certain typical individuals and activities. The harassed supporters try to protect their distinctive group identity by its expressions as a strategy. The supporters strengthen it by selective recovery of doctrines, viewpoint and practices from a sacred past, feeling that this identity will be at danger in the contemporary era. This assortment is cautiously done so that it is not only attractive to the spectators but also satisfactory. Actually, fundamentalist movements selects and chooses cautiously among inherited doctrines and practices, as well as cloaking innovations in the attire of ancient times, it maintains that selective retrieval is only reinstating the ancient ways. (Religious Fundamentalism in India and Beyond)
In a spirit of practicality these recovered fundamentals are polished, tailored and authorized: they are to serve as a barricade against the infringement of outsiders who intimidate to pull the supporters into a syncretistic religious or irreligious cultural setting. Fundamentalists seek out to reconstruct the world in the service of a twofold dedication to the unfolding eschatological drama, by returning all things in proposal to the divine and to self-protection, by choosing the elements of custom and modernity. In the chase for a complete rebuilding of society, the margins are set, the enemy recognized, converts sought and institutions are shaped and maintained. (Religious Fundamentalism in India and Beyond) fundamentalist is a person who opt for careful recovery choosing out from his religious tradition certain rudiments of high symbolic importance with a view to organize his co-religionists for action, as per modern political discourse in India, the land where the majority of the Hindus in the world live. As against those of likewise defined other communities, the objectives of these actions are usually a combination of religious objectives and the politico-economic interests of one's own community. The trend by which the religious fundamentalism spreads and mixes with nationalism in recognizing Indian nationality with the Hindu religion is becoming more and more violent and perturbing and is a serious danger to the minority communities in the country. (Religious Fundamentalism in India and Beyond)
The Sangh Parivar (Hindu fundamentalist family of organizations) which is a collection of Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and other Hindu extremist organizations are exploiting religion to stimulate communal violence toward organizing ultra right, non-secular and undemocratic nationalism in India.(For Dissent Against Hindu Extremism) The Indian civilization is historically comprised of many cultural streams and the unity of India has been attained by the combination of diverse and multiple cultural belief systems, which is a strong belief of the socio-political and socio-cultural forces and groups against the powerful politico-offensive which was launched by the Sangh Parivar.(Hindutva and Multi-Culturalism)
In India the Hindu fundamentalist groups are trying to curtail the activities of other religious groups and control the expressions of those not meeting the requirements to their world view. The plan of the conventional, extremist, fundamentalist, radical right wing conservative Hindus in the Indian Government is to racially clean India from all the minorities. In the modern Indian circumstances, Communalism is a deep, almost intuitive form of enmity and opposition between communities of different cultural, linguistic and religious identities. Communalism often gives rise to clash and aggression between communities, based in part on terror and unawareness on the other. As that of Hindus and Muslims, no other kind of communalist clash has cost so many lives. Within this system, fundamentalism flourishes as an idiosyncratically extreme reaction to intimidations to communal identity. It is an activist form of religious separatism. (Religious Fundamentalism in India and Beyond)
The members should have a common language, the religion is held common by them and the members are in harmony and share a common source are the three most vital elements for the development of the Hindu Jati (in this sense, community, although usually the term connotes caste) is the strong opinion of the Hindu Nationalists. To stimulate the Nationalist feelings, "Hindi, Hindu, and Hindustan" were formed and thus became a motto. The development and renaissance of Hindu Nationalism at the state level is not very old. Since the 12th century A.D., there was no major rebellion in any part of the subcontinent against any of the foreign rulers, even though the Hindus were the mainstream community ruled by minority rulers. Shivaji,...
Islamic women are now restricted from most activities, and their rights have been steadily decreasing. Her social and political as well as economic rights are all being violated everyday by unscrupulous men who have corrupted the very religion to their own advantage, and today, especially in most Arab countries, woman has become 'Awarah', or the very subject of concealment, wherein her public presence is banned; where even her very
7). Still, it seems safe from the seat of scholarship to condemn such exclusive and condemnatory practices as decidedly un-Christian; the oft-quoted (or at least oft-referenced) Biblical passage from John seems to be one of the more direct and unequivocal statements regarding who will be saved: "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but
As can be seen, all three of the above discussed authors contribute an essential point-of-view and approach to the question of the modern day fundamentalism and today's holy wars and crusades. Although each author takes a unique approach to the subject, it is impossible to say that one is right and another wrong. Instead, each author's approach adds to or supplements the other authors' theories and approaches. For example, whereas
Schneider argues that secular fundamentalism is a religion that adheres to a strict set of beliefs, mainly that "God should be strictly excluded from civil affairs" (para. 4). This view of secular fundamentalism shares little difference with the traditional fundamentalism, with the exception of two traits. Secular fundamentalists are not patriarchal, as they accept modern gender standards, and they desire the modern age of science rather than wanting to
The British created a well-educated, English-speaking Indian elite middle class d. new jobs were created for millions of Indian hand-spinner and hand-weavers The Indian National Congress can best be described in which of the following ways: Answer: a. An Indian Civil Service that administered British rule. b. A group of upper-caste professionals seeking independence from Britain. c. white settlers who administered British rule. d. anglicized Indians who were the social equals of white rulers. Under the
The international community can obviously respond by seeking to marginalize the Taliban and similar movements as extremists. However, it has become clear following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon that western governments have not been effective in infiltrating terrorist networks and pre-empting attacks. It has also become clear that there will be no shortage of people in the Islamic world who are willing to
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