Research Theories: Comparing and Contrasting
The main differences between the four specific types of research theories above revolve around their perspective of research and the accumulation of knowledge. This in particular to how this research can be gathered to solve problems and provide illumination to issues. For example, deductive theories offer a more specific and focused treatment of research. The research usually revolves around a specific theory within a specific branch of academia that is use for testing and investigation. According to Dr. Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, "In deductive inference, we hold a theory and based on it we make a prediction of its consequences. That is, we predict what the observations should be if the theory were correct. We go from the general — the theory — to the specific — the observations," (Bradford, 2017). Essentially, a deductive theory is founded within reasoning, beginning with a more general assertion and then scrutinizes all potentialities in order to reach a reasonable conclusion (Bradford, 2017). Deductive theories, once one has chosen a specific theory for testing, the researcher has the burden of creating a hypothesis to use as the structure for the overall research direction. This hypothesis is instrumental in the creation of all the things that will go into the research process—the research design, data gathering and analysis. One of the ways that a deductive theory is so useful is that it empowers professionals to construct experimental studies to determine how applicable the theory is to the singularity being examined (Bradford, 2017).
“For deductive approaches, the emphasis is generally on causality, whilst for inductive approaches the aim is usually focused on exploring new phenomena or looking at previously researched phenomena from a different perspective” (Gabriel, 2013). Quite simply, a deductive approach revolves around testing a specific theory, always starting with a hypothesis. A deductive theory is almost always associated with quantitative research. However, none of these rules are written in stone. For example, it is possible to have a qualitative study with a more deductive orientation (Gabriel, 2013).
On the other hand, rather than being so focused on testing a theory, an inductive approach is one that revolves around the creation of new theories, developing from the data collected. One way that an inductive theory or approach differs from...
References
Bandodkar, N. R. (2015). Valuable or Stagnating? An Essay on Axiomatic Theories in IS Research. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1250&context=amcis2015
Bradford, A. (2107, July 24). Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/21569-deduction-vs-induction.html
Gabriel, D. (2013, March 17). Inductive and deductive approaches to research | | Dr Deborah Gabriel. Retrieved from http://deborahgabriel.com/2013/03/17/inductive-and-deductive-approaches-to-research/
Scott, H. (2009, November 1). What is Grounded Theory? | Grounded Theory Online. Retrieved from http://www.groundedtheoryonline.com/what-is-grounded-theory/
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