The enunciation of such bold guiding principles should of necessity take place in the heart of a region well-known for its environmental treasures. British Columbia's offerings accord with statements of previous tourism conferences in other places. The 1989 conference at The Hague could have had Vancouver Area Tourism in mind when it proclaimed that an, "unspoilt natural, cultural and human environment [was] a fundamental condition for the development of tourism." (Laws, Faulkner & Moscardo, 1998, p. 206)
In British Columbia, eco-tourism is seen as away of bringing together competing interests, not only human and natural, but also human vs. human. Of interest to many visitors to the Vancouver Area are the many Aboriginal communities to be found amid the natural landscape. Tourists, who are attracted by the idea of visiting Native villages, watching Native performances, and viewing and purchasing Native handicrafts and works of art, hopefully contribute to the resolution of an old problem in Canada - finding a way to accommodate the Native Heritage in modern-day Canadian society. In an article in the Journal of the Community Development Society, Edward Jackson describes a program called, Community Economic Development Technical Assistance Program, or CEDTAP, that works toward the goal of using eco-tourism as means of improving local economies - in particular, the Aboriginal economies of the Region. CEDTAP shows how a tourism initiative can work both ways, playing on the attractions that draw tourists to the Vancouver region, while at the same time benefiting the Area socially and economically. (Jackson, 2004, p. 65) In 2002, CEDTAP financed a study tour of the Region during which members were able to observe the contributions of eco-tourism to the Aboriginal communities. The Aboriginal Groups jointly manage the area's forests in connection with environmental and civic groups, the tourist trade thus helping to generate jobs, preserve natural resources, and introduce new technologies into these and other similar rural areas. (Jackson, 2004, p. 65) A program such as this reveals the significance of communicating a "purpose" to would-be tourists. Rather than visit the area solely for the purposes of personal enjoyment, or recreation, the eco-tourism market imparts to the casual visitor the sense that she or he is part of a larger success story. This holistic approach to tourism can be sold as a reason to visit Vancouver and the surrounding area, and would certainly enhance the area's reputation in the eyes of at least a certain category of visitor.
Further bolstering the claim that eco-tourism can be a way for tourists to help Native peoples is a 2002 field study conducted by Sanjay M. Nepal of Texas A&M University. Nepal surveyed members of the Tl'atz'en Nation to obtain their views of eco-tourism, and how eco-tourists benefit their people. The Tl'atz'en live in the lush forests of central British Columbia - an area that is very appealing for the typical eco-tourist. Nepal obtained the following results in regard to the Tl'atz'en's own definitions of what constituted eco-tourism, and how such eco-tourism would benefit their nation:
Table 1.
A frequency of responses; percentages are calculated from total number of responses
Table 2. (Nepal, 2003)
Not all visitors to the Vancouver area's "Great Outdoors," are eco-tourists, of course. The region has long drawn huge numbers intent on fishing, hunting, hiking, and camping. There is water everywhere, from rushing streams, to rolling ocean, making Vancouver a jumping off point for all kinds of water-centered activities. Any tourist program must naturally capitalize on British Columbia's reputation as a sportsman's paradise. According to 1999 provincial statistics quoted in a 2004 edition of the Canadian Journal of Regional Science, tourists in British Columbia are split roughly fifty-fifty between British Columbian residents, and outsiders. (Munro, 2004) The area has a long association with the outdoors. Back in the 1960's, National Geographic ran numerous articles that featured the joys of daily life in Canada. A photograph of youngsters playing in the water in the town of Windermere sent residents of the United States the message that British Columbians lived in close contact with nature. (Beaudreau, 2002) It was breathtaking scenery that first gave birth to a true tourism industry in the Province. As far back as the late Nineteenth Century, the Canadian Pacific Railway discovered that it could use huge tourist hotels as a means of covering the cost of laying its tracks across thousands of miles of difficult terrain. In the Selkirk Mountains, a luxury hotel - the Glacier House - rivaled the resort at Banff - also built by the Canadian Pacific Railway. (Squire, 1998, p. 86) The idea was to, quite literally, "manufacture a destination."...
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