Religious Exemption
Annotated Bibliography: The Effects of Religious Exemptions on Pertussis and Other Diseases
Abrevaya, J. & Mulligan, K. (2011). Effectiveness of state-level vaccination mandates: Evidence from the varicella vaccine. Journal of Health Economics 30(5): 966-76.
Longitudinal data on the use of varicella immunizations was used to determine the real effects o immunization requirements mandated by various governmental entities within the United States. Significant increases in vaccination rates are found to be the result of such mandates within the first year of adoption, peaking within two years of adoption, and with minimal effects on the rate thereafter. Approximately twenty percent of short run increases in immunization adoption is attributed to mandates, and no differences were found in different socioeconomic groups when it comes to adoption rates. Though this research does not deal with exemptions specifically, it provides context and some direct implications for a discussion and examination of such exemptions.
Aspinwall, T. (1997-8). Religious Exemption to Childhood Immunization Statutes: Reaching for a More Optimal Balance between Religious Freedom and Public Health. Loyola University of Chicago Law Journal 109.
Examining the legal and ethical implications of immunization mandates and religious exemptions, this author examines the effects of both on other elements and institutions of society aside from simple healthcare provision. Evidence of the public health risk that religious exemptions constitute is provided, as is evidence of the erosion of certain principles of liberty if the mandates are not fitted with exemptions. This provides much more detailed and nuanced context for further discussion of empirical evidence.
Etkind, P., Lett, S., Macdonald, P., Silva, E. & Peppe, J. (1992). Pertussis Outbreaks in Groups Claiming Religious Exemptions to Vaccinations. American Journal of Diseases of Children 146(2): 173-6.
After examining four outbreaks of pertussis in Massachusetts that were in close temporal proximity, these authors concluded that religious and philosophical exemptions among the populations of children involved in the outbreak...
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