¶ … stress conjures up different things for different people, yet stress is a universal: everyone experiences stress throughout their life. Stress can be both good and bad depending on how it impacts the person who is experiencing the stress, and what other variables are present in the person's life at the time. Stress can result from positive happy events in people's lives, such as when a new baby is born. Stress can also result from negative contexts or conditions over which people do not have control. Some types of stress and some ways of responding to stress are associated with higher levels of disease. Naturally, on the flip side, some ways of responding to stress actually serve to reduce the stress and the negative impact that the stress has on the individual person. Regardless of what people would like to believe or deny, stress impacts every aspect of people's lives: emotional, physiological, mental, and interpersonal relations.
Stress researchers talk about the locus of stressors. That is to say that experts recognize that stress can come from within or without a person, and it can occur in association with something from the past as well as things that are occurring in the present. Complications and difficulties arrive in people's lives in a steady stream. Whether or not they are able to deal with the stressors has a lot to do with whether they have developed sufficient coping skills and whether they are psychologically, physiologically, and socially prepared to address the challenges they face.
Interestingly, people are biologically equipped to deal with stress indifferent ways -- some of which are less successful or healthful than others. Genetic makeup can predispose people to high or low levels of stress, depending on their physiological responses, such as adrenal gland activity, blood pressure, and heart rate. Sustained or chronic stress is harmful to the body and can lead to the onset of chronic and debilitating disease, as well as substance abuse. Cognitive processing also impacts how people respond to stress, as everyone conducts either spontaneous or planned appraisal of threats in the environment. When life events are experienced as overwhelming for whatever reason, an individual's ability to think, concentrate,...
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature Chapter Introduction This chapter provides a review of the literature concerning hypnosis, Eastern Meditation, Chi Kung, and Nei Kung and how these methods are used to treat various ailments and improve physical and mental functioning. A summary of the review concludes the chapter. Hypnosis In his study, "Cognitive Hypnotherapy in the Management of Pain," Dowd (2001) reports that, "Several theories have been proposed to account for the effect of
In 1858, Louis Pasteur identified germs, proving that diseases did not 'spontaneously' arise as nightingale thought (Atwell, 1998). However, it was Nightingale that began work as to the conditions that promoted the growth of germs, but she would not know this for many years. The Crimean War: Putting Theory Into Practice When the Crimean War broke out, she began work at once in a British hospital. Her emphasis was placed on
These dynamics suggest sample means may indicate questionable results without further testing to verify if skew distorts generalizability. There are plausible cases where such an extreme value would be kept, say if we were testing for risk of a rare event, in which case that would be the data point of interest compared to the rest. Table 4. Partial Data Sample from Q6, hours exercising 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 80 n = SUM mean 5.04 4.78 4.54 median 3.00 3.00 3.00 mode 0 0 0 range 80 40 30 To investigate potential variables of interest,
126). Although there are an increasing number of elderly in the United States today with many more expected in the future, the study of elder abuse is of fairly recent origin. During the last three decades of the 20th century, following the "discovery" of child abuse and domestic violence, scholars and professionals started taking an active interest in the subject of elder abuse. This increased attention from the academic
Forgiveness on human health. In its simplest form, the purpose of the study is to evaluate human psychological stress that might constitute a risk factor for heart disease. Further, the study will also evaluate the impact of forgiveness on heart disease. However, such a simple dissertation clearly demands further definition. What, exactly, do we signify when we speak of heart disease? What is properly considered as forgiveness? What impact does
fiscal and monetary policy. On the most basic level, the primary difference between fiscal and monetary policy is that fiscal policy pertains to the actions of the federal government designed to influence the national economy through government spending and taxation while monetary policy refers to the actions of the central bank to govern the money supply. Tight or restrictive monetary and fiscal policy is used to curb inflation; a liberal
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